We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Based on personal experience of a Romanian Gulag survivor, Nicolae Itul, this study attempts to highlight the ways in which the prisoners had answered against oppression in nursing penitentiary and prison Târgu Ocna and Caransebeş. Nicholas Itul, considered "top of detainees" by the Securitate, had a significant role confronting oppressive forces. Giving to others physical and moral support, showing an anticommunist attitude are features that characterize both biographical speech and prison experience.
More...
Constantin Daicoviciu was a well known historian and archeologist, professor, rector of „Babeş-Bolyai” (1959- 1968) University of Cluj-Napoca. He was member of Romanian Academy. Since 1973 he was perceived by contemporaries as a personality who tried to save the university heritage in a difficult intellectual heresy and destruction of Romanian cultural values, regardless of the compromises made to the communists. Many historians from Cluj are former students and disciples of Constantin Daicoviciu. They are valuable people because they had the opportunity to learn directly from the master.
More...
St. Ana - Rohia Monastery from Lăpuş District (Maramureş) is one of the well known monasteries of Romania, as a place of culture and prays. The aim of this study is to reveal the history of the monastery (during 1923-1989) as it is remembered by Octavian Gherman (the son of the builder), archbishop Justinian Chira (the abbot of the monastery during 1944-1973), father Serafim Man (the abbot of the monastery during 1973-1984) and father Nifon Petruş (former monk at Rohia, arrested in communism). Important moments are related in these interviews such as foundation, construction and dedication of the monastery; life at Rohia between the two wars; consequences of Hungarian occupation and the communist period; the presence of Ioan Alexandru and Nicolae Steinhardt at Rohia.
More...
Transylvanian Jews were a community that, unlike the Jews of the Old Kingdom had a special regime: in 1867, when they received the right to settle down in cities, they had also the right of emancipation. The 20th century was, for the Jews, full of events: Great Union of 1918, the emergence of anti-Semitism, the beginning of World War II, the transition of Transylvania to the government of Budapest, deportations to German concentration camps, the struggle for survival, the return from the camps and trying to rebuild the road of life. These events were those that remained in the great history, but in collective memory was preserved the common Jew, the neighbor or the man who sell and buy products from farmers. Jews detained on arrival in the village SăpânŃa financial resources, by which they have bought places for homes with the best location: main street of the village that connected them to the town of Sighet or Satu Mare; the main road was also an essential link with the rest of Transylvania and Tisa river kept them in touch with old Maramureş. This study reveals important aspects of religious life of Jews in Săpânţa, their commercial relationships, educational aspects.
More...
During the fifty years of communism regime, Romania was confronted with strict rules imposed in all aspects of civil life by the Communist Party whose goal was to give birth to a new society where the socialist principles are well preserved. In order to create such a society, the communists intended to change people’s values and beliefs and those considered „enemy of the people” were confronted with massive attacks, arrests, imprisonments and executions. The process soon started dividing families and threatened them both from within and without, so one of the most frequent questions is: Will the family remain the same and continue to exist if part of their members face the prison camps or be relocated in the steppe plain of Southern Romania, Bărăgan, while the ones remained at home had to deal with strong State Security measures such like persecution in employment or being forced to leave their own house? The present article tries to find an answer to this question by using oral history interviews and other kind of historical information. It focuses mainly on Tarcea family from Hunedoara County, whose members were against the communist views, a strong enough reason for being taken to prison or to hard labor. Three members spent years in the communist prisons and labor camps, one of them was relocated in the Bărăgan plain during the 1950s while the other part of the family, remained at home, suffered from brutal pressure initiated by the Department of State Security. Following their life until the collapse of communism, the article tries to show the way communism guided their family destiny and integrated it in history.
More...
The collectivization of the agriculture represented one of the greatest “calamities” in the history of Romanian village. The socialist transformation of the agriculture was inspired by the Soviet pattern. The Romanian Communist Party aimed to destroy the economic and political independence of the peasants. Land was the most important thing for the peasants and without it the peasants were to become agricultural proletarians. In the world of the Romanian village the values were reversed. This study is based upon the accounts of the eye-witnesses and also upon the documents from the archives and historiographic sources. Many villages from Gorj have been the victims of the collectivization, despite the limited agricultural potential of this county. Thus, the collectivization in Gorj did not have any economic reason if we take into account the relief of the region. The main target of the Communist repression represented the so-called kulaks, the wealthy peasants. However, we should mention that most of the peasants opposed a strong and stubborn resistance against the agricultural policy of the Communist Party. There was a passive and generalized resistance against collectivization. The regime used different methods to persuade peasants to join collective farms: psychological pressures, threats, molestations. A lot of peasants who opposed collectivization were tortured and imprisoned or sent to the labor camps.
More...
In 2010, Oral History Institute of Cluj-Napoca began a training program for teachers in the pre-university education in Romania, entitled The Past next to us. Oral history in local communities. Thus, oral history became a proximate genre situated in the proximity of the past. Through oral history from the local community, the history of the family and of the individual occur a gradual and concentric reduction of the “great history of the world”, to the history of the individual, family and community.
More...
Tout critique a toujours la tâche ingrate de parler de contemporanéité, de production artistique courante, aussi bien parce qu'elle dure continuellement et ne peut être délimitée dans des parenthèses terminologiques ou dans des définitions de théorie ou même de critique littéraires, que parce que la notion de contemporanéité, c'est évident, échappe à toute tentative de périodisation de l'histoire littéraire.
More...
Ivan Slamnig's poems are readily identifiable on the setting of Croatlan postwar lyric poery by their basc attitude, by the distinctions of their style and by the characteristic and in special manner oriented layering of their poetical contents. The basic attitude of this poetry could be depicted as bearing a certain aloofness in relation to the subject matter thait the verse celebrates and is most frequently manifested through irony.
More...
Славко Михалич: ТИХИЕ КОСТРЫ (стихотворения) Наприед, Загреб 1985 стр. 88 Slavko Мihalic: QUIET PYRES (Tihe lomace) Naprijed, Zagreb 1985, рр. 88 Иван Аралица: ДУШИ РАБОВ Знане, Загреб 1984 (1985) lvan Aralica: SKLAVENSEELEN (Duše robova) Znanje, Zagreb 1984 (1985) Ivan Aralica: SOULS OF SLAVES (Duse robova) Znanje, Zagreb 1984 (1985) Andriana Škunca: LES LIEUX ABANDONN£S (Napuštena mjesta) Publication a frais d'auteur - Novalja-Zagreb 1985 Andriana Škunca: NAPUSTENAMJESTA (Luoghi abbandonati) Edizione in proprio, Novalja-Zagreb 1985 Igor Zidic: STRIJELA OD STAKLA (La freccia di vetro) Ediz. Naprijed, Zagreb 1985 Igor Zidic: PFEIL AUS GLAS (Strijela od stakla) Naprijed, Zagreb 1985 Dobriša Cesarić: 52 POEMES Paris-Zagreb, 1985 Antun Šoljan: STONE THROWER - SELECTED POEMS (Bacač kamena) Nakladni zavod MH, Zagreb 1985, p. 156
More...
Le guardavo, di fronte a me, incrociate dietro la schiena, all'altezza delle reni, riposare una nell' altra. La sinistra si fa carezzare dalla destra, più abile, più forte, più saggia e più seria. Direi quasi »più vecchia« se non sapessi che sono entrambe frutto della stessa madre (e dello stesso padre, naturalmente) o, meglio, che sono state anche concepite assieme, nate dal desiderio comune al padre ed alla madre che le hanno lasciate impastare, in loro vece, la crosta del pane da quella della terra.
More...
Einer unter den Schöpfern der Welt, der unübersehbare und weise Ozean, ein naher Verwandter des grossen und mächtigen Tikururu, machte oft eine Runde in seinem Unterwasserreich und betrachtete manchesmal vom flachen Strand aus das unbewohnte Festland. Ozean hatte Mitleid mit dem öden Festland, rief daher seine fünf Söhne zu sich und sagte: - Ich will ein Stückehen Leben aus dem Meer aufs Land bringen. Ich will zuerst die Reptilien dorthin schicken, damit sie da heimisch werden. Danach sollen Fische und Frösche die Flüsse beziehen, Vögel, Insekten und andere Tiere die Wälder, und auf den Feldern sollen Blumen, Gräser und Früchte wachsen.
More...
Elemente einer Wiedergeburtsbewegung kamen in Kroatien schon um 1790 zum Ausdruck, währden die Illyrische Bewegung selbst 1935 organisiert auf die Ausbildung einer nationalen Ideologie Einfluss zu nehmen begann. Unter dem Namen Illyrische Bewegung enthielt diese Ideologie die Forderung nach einer Einigung aller Südslawen, und diese Idee der Integration hatte sie aus der kroatischen kulturellen Tradition ererbt.
More...
Nel suo Diario fuoribordo (titolo originale: Izvanbrodski dnevnilk, 1977), SLOBODAN NOVAK (1924) ha realizzato con tale coerenza un intreccio ironico icastico e solido da poterlo considera una specie di punto culminante della sua forza di scrittore-costruttore. Condensando all'estremo la propria visione del mondo in »tre viaggi« brevi, apparentemente tre racconti autonomi, a se stanti e organici, ma in realtà sono tre capitoli che danno corpo a questo cripto- romanzo che non supera le novanta pagine, Novak ha dato qui la sua radicale pointe.
More...
Between the books of the Old Testament, The Song of Solomon occupies a special place. It has only seven chapters, but the text is very concentrated. Its author was believed to be King Solomon, the main character is Sulam, his Bride. The work is presented as a dialogue in which men and his bride confess their feelings of mutual love each other. Props, images, modes of expression are like taken from a headpiece. Both, Jewish and Christian commentators have compared the love between the two main characters with the love of God to His chosen people (Jewish interpretation) and with the love of God to His Church (Cristian interpretation). This paper analyzes in detail the main character of Song of Songs, focusing on the hidden meanings of the writing, observing the figures of speech used in the text and the modalities of expressing feelings of the two lovers. There are presented also the interpretations of the Church Fathers on this book of the Bible.
More...
The beauty of the songs that are interpreted during the Liturgy while the priests and the faithful receive the Eucharist (immediately after the hymn One is Holy, One is the Lord Jesus Christ) or at the end of the religious services – named priceasna –, raise awareness in the community of believers1. When we refer to this kind of songs we should think about the dynamic musical tradition of the Church, namely the current popular hymnophony (most times), because through it people express their religious feelings in a very special way. This sort of hymn is not new, it was engendered at the same time as our Christianisation, it is Romanian and Orthodox and it was a common spiritual manifestation of the people. When the Reformed Churces organized their cult (named Protestant and Evangelical churches in Romania), they took the singing patterns of the religion of the majority of the population – orthodox – and they adapted them to their specific characteristics and doctrine. In the period when Reformed liders tried to impose their religion among the orthodox population (for Transylvania - during the historical period of occupation), they tried to impose also their songs, whose text and melody were previously modified; among these songs was also some pricesne.
More...
The study brings to light some unknown documents and facts about the history of the orthodox community from Corunca Parish, in the Archpriest Diocese of Tîrgu Mureș. The late XIX c. and the early XX c. was a time when orthodox communities of this part of Transylvania started to build wall churches instead of the wooden churches. It represented a difficult process as the parishoners were poor and the historical context was not a friendly one. But when a parish had a priest as Rev. Partenie Matei was, such a dream could come true. The study reveals the whole process of building a church in that time: the decision of the community, the search for an architect, the request for approval which was given by the Consistory and the Archbishop of Sibiu, the fundraising which was one of the most challenging step because, as we said above, people were very poor in this area and, eventually, the building of the walls.
More...