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This paper presents, gives an interpretation and a critical review of the theory of school described in the works of the Brazilian pedagogue and philosopher Paulo Freire and offers a critical approach to the theory. The modernist roots of Freire's ontology, epistemology and ethics provide a basis for a critical approach to the pedagogical theory and practice of the school as a social educational institution. Despite the fact that he is one of the most famous representatives of the radical criticism of the school, Paulo Freire is not studied extensively in this geographical area, which is one of the reasons for a thorough analysis of his work. In times of changes and attempts at reforms of the school and the school system, the pedagogical ideas of Paulo Freire, especially those related to the democratization of school, the equality and humanization of school relations, are again attracting attention. In his theory, Freire advocates for the transformation of the school and the introduction of changes that will result in the humanization of the school environment. In his theory, Freire critically examines the value of school, its pedagogic and educative function, the principles on which it is based as well as school relations. Paulo Freire's theory of school, and, above all, his critical opinions about the organization and the functioning of school represent a fertile source of ideas about the changes that the school practice is still undergoing. A diversity of ideas and an impressively wide range of issues in the works of Freire offer opportunities for changes of the school and the school system with the aim of creating a more efficient and superior system of education.
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The text focuses on certain theoretical and methodological issues of using the biographical method to research the learning of adults in everyday life. It presents the development of the biographical method in andragogy and the characteristics of its use in the research of learning. By studying various biographical studies, the authors establish that varied denominations of biographical methods were created, which they link to various professional environments and ways of researching. Some problems in collecting data, taking notes and interpreting narration as well as characteristics of the relationship between the researcher and narrator are presented. Since getting to know the selected phenomena takes place in a reciprocal relationship between the researcher and the narrator, non-verbal communication and pre-linguistic experience, bringing additional challenges to note taking and interpreting, are all important in addition to verbal communicationg.
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This summary reclaims the most important aspects of music and music education and its importance in the frames of multicultural education. Music is educational discipline which has appeared since the time of the earliest philosophers, and with its activities has taken the leading role in the educational process and as a universal discipline has been a leading factor. There are no borders for music, no ethno-culturalism, but it is general human benefit connecting all nations of the world. In that context, the school and the family should make it possible for young people to understand, realize and use all the common civilization benefits, which open wide horizons for multi-cultural and inter-cultural building.
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Occupational stress is the most common and most important type of stress people are exposed to in modern society. The nature of the working process itself is transformed almost on a daily basis, which affects the physiological condition of nearly all workers. This is why it is becoming increasingly important to investigate the relationship dynamics between man's capacity to overcome stress, including the occupational kind, on the one hand, and the capacity to possess optimal communication skills, such as assertiveness, on the other. This relationship is particularly at risk in work organizations in transitional social systems, like the Serbian one over the past ten years. The basic goal of this research was to determine the existence and the differences in the proneness to stress, the level of occupational stress and assertiveness between administrative workers and production workers employed in the Factory of Copper Pipes in Majdanpek. The group of administrative workers consisted of 50 workers and it was compared with the same number of workers employed in the production process, bearing in mind the differences in gender, and the length of employment. The results confirmed the expectation that there would be differences between these two groups of employees on the basis of the examined variables, as well as that work experience represents a statistically significant factor in professional stress.
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The political myth is a very complex problem that was analyzed by scholars of the various fields of science, but it seems that they did not achieve the desired result, i.e. its full understanding. The authors of this paper will try to overcome this problem by analyzing the modern political myth through the prism of national identity. In that sense, this paper is divided into three parts. In the first part the authors analyze the contemporary political myth. The second part analyzes the influence of national identity on the forming of national myth. Finally, in the third part the authors summarize their results in the context of the Serbian political myth.
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Acculturation, as a very complex cultural occurrence and one of the most significant dynamic processes in culture, attracts the attention of theoreticians and researchers of various gnoseological vocations. This has over time led to a significant increase in the number of studies, debates and much research devoted to the reflection on and definition of this phenomenon. Considering the fact that there are no single determinants and widely accepted theoretical viewpoints, this paper contributes to a broader critical review of the theoretical understanding of the process of acculturation. At the beginning of this paper we would like to emphasize that the significance of cultural contacts and meeting points, and give the etymological determination of the concept of acculturation and indicate the numerous concepts which are compatible with it. The paper will pay special attention to the differences in understanding this process, which stem from various professional backgrounds (anthropological, sociological, cultural, historical, psychological) and various theoretical approaches (functionalism, culturalism, the theory of "cultural circles", cultural conflicts, the theory of globalization), where theoretic controversies are also included in understanding the process of acculturation, which have originated from the differences in the understanding of the basic conditions, causes and consequences of this process.
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The paper analyses the basic characteristics of and trends in the development of the contemporary Bulgarian sociology. It first presents an overview of the sociological tradition and historical development of sociology as a science in Bulgaria. Then it moves on to present the most important representatives of contemporary sociology in Bulgaria, research institutions and organizations.
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In spite of the fact there are many superficially similar definitions of the private benefits of control in the finance literature, in many cases they are fundamentally different. The main purpose of the paper is the analysis of the definitions and sources and the presenta¬tion of the nature of private benefits of control in the context of the typologies proposed by other researchers.
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The main goal of the paper is to analyze the impact of provided filing systems on information gaps reported by the Polish small and medium enterprises. In the first part of the paper, various filing systems with their information capacity are characterized. The second part presents the results of a questionnaire survey with the statistical analysis of information gaps reported by entrepreneurs, which hinder short- and long-term decision-making.
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The article is devoted to the scale of the use of insurance by SMEs, its importance for the sector and selected determinants of cooperation between insurance companies and SMEs. The study shows that most SMEs benefit from the insurance, but it is mostly the stan¬dard property insurance, compulsory motor insurance and casco insurance. Other types of insurance are used much rarely. Furthermore, the insurance awareness of SMEs does not change − the scope of insurance used in the years 2003-2009 remains at a similar level. SMEs positively evaluate the conditions of co-operation with insurance companies. They are pleased with the offer of insurance in the form of a package. The only barrier for the use of insurance, widely expressed by SMEs, is the level of premium.
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The latest financial crisis has once again sparked interest in the topic of corporate bankruptcy and bankruptcy forecasting. High-profile recent corporate collapses, like the one of Odlewnie Polskie, suggest that the predictive power of bankruptcy models is strongly limited by the cause of bankruptcy. This article investigates the difference between pure economic bankruptcy and one caused by catalysts – unforeseeable causes of distress, happening suddenly, violently pushing companies into distress. Cash flow analysis performed on a group of Polish bankruptcies from the past decade seems to confirm the existence of catalysts and opens up new research opportunities concerning their influence on the model forecasting abilities.
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The purpose of the paper is to present the influence of public-private partnership on local development. Aside from the model of public management with the participation of the private sector, the determinants and factors of local development are also presented. The closing part evaluates PPP in local development.
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Changes in working capital are one of the factors influencing the results of the evaluation of investment efficiency. Although the impact of changes in working capital on the evaluation appears to be clear a proposal for its recognition in the calculation of the evaluation of effectiveness of investments reported in the literature are not the same. Not quite a precise determination of the methods of presentation of changes in working capital of the project causes in practice a lot of errors. The article discusses whether the calculation of cash flow conical design takes into account changes in working capital during the lifetime of the project and whether the account is always at the end of the forecast release of working capital.
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Equity financing by issuing shares is one of the most important sources of capital for the companies. But even good companies may have some share issuing problems because of slump in the market, unstable banking system or shareholder structure difficulties. Equity warrant may be a very helpful financial instrument in such unfavorable circumstances. Some factors determining the use of equity warrant susceptibility analysis is the goal of this paper. The research focused on the equity warrants listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange from 1991 to 2009 shows some statistical relations between the stock prices conditions of the HKEx and share issues supported by equity warrants.
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A one-sided growth of interest in financial analysis methods, as observed in the Polish reference books since the 1990s, has not led to the creation of any original and reliable methods evaluating the financial condition of enterprises, and the only result of such an interest is an excessive fascination with methods formulated some decades ago, in incomparable economic conditions, and application of financial analysis methods from the viewpoint of their mathematical or statistical refinement, omitting the evaluation of their applicability extent (especially concerning the branch specificity of an analysed firm), and reliability of the obtained empirical results. The paper highlights some cases, unfortunately numerous, of presence in the domestic reference books of factual mistakes and inconsistency in using terms, as well as methodical simplifications occurring in the presentation of assumptions (and even examples of their practical application) in the following discrimination methods by W. Beaver, E. Altman, A. Hołda, D. Wierzba, E. Mączyńska, M. Hamrol, and by D. Appenzeller and K. Szarzec, as well as in the quantified method as an example of point modification of the banking risk evaluation method. It has been shown that in many cases the presented assumptions of the evaluation methods of a firm’s financial condition are radically different from the original versions of such methods, which evidently disqualifies their diagnostic reliability, or they contain many simplifications and methodical deficiencies, which practically exclude their application.
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