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In 1823, an event occured that changed the life of the island of Tinos for good to make it the most important site of religious pilgrimage across Greece: an icon of the Annunciation was found, which began to work miracles and was named as the Megalochari of Tinos. The icon’s discovery coincided with the Greek revolution against the Ottomans that led to the liberation of the country. The very topic of the icon, the Annunciation, was believed to be a sign of the divine support for the cause of the Greeks. In the future, this fact played a significant role for the icon’s popularity and for the rapid formation of a lasting cult. This study seeks to explore the role of the images in forming and spreading the cult to the miraculous icon of Tinos and in establishment this important place of pilgrimage in the Balkans, as it has not been examined for the time being. The miraculous icon of the Annunciation of Tinos was discovered rather late and the cult to it was created and formed according to long-established patterns, by using means relevant to the time. The legend about the discovery of the icon and the reconstruction of the church was soon recorded and published. A number of prints featuring views of the architectural complex and the miraculous icon were printed in the period 1827–1860. One of the prints, a copy of which is kept in Sofia, features the story of the icon’s discovery. An icon reproducing a print of Tinos (NAM, Sofia) is yet another evidence of the pilgrimage from Bulgarian lands to Tinos. A similar icon is kept at the Church of Zoodochos Pigi in Istanbul. The extant copies of prints and the icons chart the area where the cult to the icon of Tinos spread out.
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The article presents a small local pilgrimage centre of heterodox Muslims – the tomb of Seid Boba, located in the border zone of the Rhodope Mountains (South-East Bulgaria). It describes memories and legends articulated in the communicative memory of locals as well as very limited published data concerning the history of this holy shrine. The main focus is on the new networks in which the shrine has been involved recently and the new attempts to manage this social and culture capital in the first decade of the 21st century.
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The article is dedicated to the New Age pilgrimages, which became increasingly popular in Bulgaria in the late 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. It presents various types of pilgrimage destinations: natural landmarks (the Rila Lakes, Kamen Bryag, rock formations), as well as cultural sites with largely religious character (the Thracian sanctuaries Begliktash, Belintash, Perperikon; the Proto-Bulgarian centre near Madara; the localities of Rupite, Zlatolist and Krustova Gora, Petar Dunov’s grave in Sofia). Some specifics of the Bulgarian New Age pilgrimage are outlined, such as the interest in “Thracian” or “Proto-Bulgarian” sites and beliefs, the influence of Dunovism, the inclusion of the Orthodox religious centers in the New Age sacred geography. The New Age pilgrimages are seen as a manifestation of post-modern religiosity. The leading idea behind these practices is to acquire personal experience of the respective “energy sites” in search of spiritual transformation.
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Academic research on the growing links between East and West Europe have largely focussed on secular processes, especially labour migration. Because far less attention has been paid to the role played by religion in forging these links, this article seeks to uncover the historic and contemporary religious networks promoted through pilgrimage. It examines the development of Europe’s most popular and highly modern shrine – Lourdes in the south-west corner of France – and the ways in which the Assumptionist Order and the Vatican sought to link the shrine to an evangelising mission which extended across a declining Ottoman Empire. This leads on to a discussion of the development of both Lourdes and the Catholic Church in Bulgaria during the 20th century, Vatican policy and relations with other religious traditions and secular politics, as well as the renewed links between the shrine and the Bulgarian Assumptionists since the collapse of the Communist regime.
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The aim of this article is to introduce volunteering and lifelong learning as activities that have positive impact on senior citizens’ quality of life. First, the author introduces the importance of different types of activities and their benefits for eldery people and the community. Next section in devoted to volunteering among the eldery (particularly the ways to promote this kind of activity in Poland) and University of the Third Age, i.e. an institution whose aim is to educate and stimulate pensioners. The last part of the article presents barriers to activity of senior citizens.
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The article covers the issue of the health condition of elderly people and their needs regarding medical care. The author introduces the analysis of the health condition of elderly people in Poland on the basis of statistical data. Next, the following issues concerning senior citizens are described: benefits of physical activity, poverty and its influence on health condition, sick leave absence and its influence on social insurance system, nursing and medical care system, social services. In the conclusion the author gives his forecast on the demand of medical care for elderly people in the context of demographic changes.
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The aim of this article is to introduce the issue of the living conditions in pensioner households in comparison with other households in Poland. The article begins with a general background on features and statistics of old-age pensioners households. Next, the author discusses following questions related to pensioners’ situation in Poland: their income and expenditures in comparison with other social groups, housing conditions, risk of poverty and results of a pension system reform of 1999 on their financial situation. The articles is based on data from Household Budget Survey by Central Statistical Office (GUS) and other scientific research.
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The author introduces selected aspects of the population ageing processes in Poland. The article addresses the most important demographic trends and figures. First, the author discusses the causes and trends of demographic changes. Subsequently the author gives the forecast of demographic changes in Poland. In the last section the article covers the consequences of the population ageing and the challenges for social and economic policy it causes.
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This paper provides an overview of measures taken by governments and other organizations towards senior citizens. This article first provides theoretical introduction, presenting definitions of policy on ageing, policy on elderly people and difference between these notions. In the next section the author introduces various policy tasks undertaken by governments, local governments, international organizations and other institutions towards ageing and elderly people.
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The aim of the paper is to present the opinions of Poles on ageing and senior citizens. The main focus is placed on the question of Poles’ attitude towards active ageing, i.e an idea to encourage older people to stay involved as citizens (in various areas, including employment). In order to place mentioned issues in context, the author begins with a review of psychological theories on ageing and its consequences. Next, the results of various public opinion surveys (both nationwide and conducted solely among seniors) on ageing and elderly people are discussed.
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This article describes the family situation and caretaking needs of elderly people in the light of the quantitative research results. The author introduces various aspects of senior citizens family conditions in Poland, including their marital status, generational composition of families and their living situation. The next part of the article is devoted to caretaking needs. As the elderly people need help with their everyday activities, the author discusses the following issues: indicators of caretaking needs, size of the population that requires an assistance, role of family and state institutions in that respect.
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This paper covers the issue of demographic changes in European countries and their impact on the state pension systems. This author first discusses the current demographic trends (decreasing fertility, increasing longevity, change of age structure) and their socioeconomic consequences. The next section is intended to address pension reforms adopted in several EU member states (United Kingdom, Italy, France, Sweden, Germany, Hungary), their rationale, aims and agenda.
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Ova knjiga je samo povod da se šire progovori o temama koje obrađuje. Ona je izazvala dosta pažnje na kršćanskoj strani sve do samog pape Benedikta XVI. koji se o njoj pohvalno izrazio i više puta je citirao u prvom svesku svoje knjige o Isusu.
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Finding a priest to serve as pastor in a specific parish is very important and can also be very complicated. This explains why Canon Law has 13 canons dealing with this matter. This article presents the canons in the old Canon Law (Codex iuris canonici), published in 1917 and the canons of the new Canon Law in order to offer a comparison and facilitate better understanding of the new canons. The article primarily deals with the removal but also the replacement of a pastor. The article lays out the regulations which the diocesan bishop should follow in both cases, and it offers suggestions to pastors on how to handle this situation, especially in cases where the pastor may believe that replacement or removal is inappropriate. The regulations dealt with in this article apply only to diocesan priests, while other regulations apply to pastors from among the religious.
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Mirko ŠIMIĆ, Die katholische Kirche in Bosnien-Herzegowina 1991- 1995. Die katholische Kirche in Bosnien-Herzegowina in der Zeit des Umbruchs (1991-1995) und im Licht Der Enzyklika „Pacem in Terris“, Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften, 2010., 229 str. Darko TOMAŠEVIĆ (ur.), 120. obljetnica Bogoslovije. Znanstveni skup povodom obilježavanja 120. obljetnice organiziranog filozofsko-teološkog studija na Vrhbosanskoj katoličkoj bogosloviji (Sarajevo, 16. listopada 2010.), Sarajevo: KBF Sarajevo, 2011., 288 str. Celestin TOMIĆ, Otkrivenje. Komentar. 2. izdanje o petoj obljetnici smrti autora, Zagreb: Veritas, 2011., 399 str. Philippe CHENAUX – Emilio MARIN – Franjo ŠANJEK (ur.), La Chiesa croata e Concilio Vaticano II, Citta del Vaticano: Lateran University Press, 2011., 469 str. Michael IPGRAVE (ur.), Izgradnja boljih mostova saradnje. Muslimani, kršćani i zajedničko dobro. Izlaganja četvrtog seminara „Building Bridges“ (Izgradnja mostova) održanog u Sarajevu 15.-18. maja 2005., Sarajevo: el-Kalem, 2011., 212 str. Carolyn OSIEK – David L. BALCH, Families in the New Testament World. Households and House Churches, Westminster John Knox Press, Louisville, Kentucky, 1997., 329 str.
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