Irregularites dans l’usage de l’onomastique latine en Dacie
This material present some exception regarding roman names in Dacia in period of Roman Empire.
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This material present some exception regarding roman names in Dacia in period of Roman Empire.
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In 2005, in the bronze age settlement form Cârlomăneşti (county Buzău) (Pl. 1- 3) in the Pit no. 41 (Pl. 4-10) which belongs to a late Monteoru level after the associated pottery, was discovered a horn decorated cheek-piece. Conforming to it's form the cheek- piece (Pl. 11) could be integrated in the large category called as Zapfenscheibenknebel. The ornamentation belongs to a class called as Wellenbanddekor. Such cheek-pieces are known in large numbers for Central Europe with discoveries in nord-pontic steppes till Volga River (Pl. 12-16). The same could be said for the Wellenbanddekor. This kind of décor is also well known for others horn or bone objects such as the buttons or tubes, founded in late bronze age settlements belonging to the Otomani-Füzesabony, Wietenberg, Monteoru, Noua and Sabatinovka cultures in the same large area. For the piece from Cârlomăneşti we have a radiocarbon date (Fig. 1). Not far from Cârlomăneşti it's a late Monteoru cemetery at Câmpina (county Prahova), from where we dispose of five radiocarbon dates (Fig. 2). In this way we say that the Pit. 45, with the cheek-piece, from Cârlomăneşti, belongs to a late phase of Monteoru Culture of whose end is illustrated by Câmpina necropolis. Some others radiocarbon dates for the discoveries from Central Europe or nord-pontic steppes confirm that conclusion.
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The excavations on the bronze age cemetery from Cârlomăneşti, county Buzău, are not yet finished. Here are presented the principal observations from the 2008-2009 and 2011-2012. Till now were discovered 68 graves with 91 skeletons, some tombs had been collective. The funerary zone is now on the most part superposed by villagers' houses. In any case the cemetery is a large one and could be related to a corresponding settlement which it's not yet identified in the field. It's easy to observe a remarkably variety concerning the funeral structures which include stone small barrows in and over the tombs and, in the same, time catacomb graves. This catacomb tombs could be put in relations with the Katakombnaja and Mnogovalikovaja eastern cultures. The most part of the skeletons are disposed in scorched positions on the left side. The predominant skeletons orientations are in sector W-SW. The anthropological analyse is not yet finished so we cannot yet make a relations between the sex groups and the positions of the bodies. The ceramic inventory is uniform in majority belonging to the so called „Ic3 stile”, the most frequent pottery types been the askos, kantharos and cups. Some metal adornments show relations with Central Europe, with Periam-Pecica or Aunjetitz cultures. Till now we have only one 14C datation for the Grave no. 24 in the time interval 2030- 1870 BC.
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This work adds to the information previously collected and published from the P. Polonic archives. Also, I supplement new data collected from the first form of the travel diary of the National Museum of Antiquities topographer to the knowledge and research of the archaeological sites and old ecclesiastic architectural monuments in the Buzău County. While visiting the Buzău County, he makes a series of archaeological topography records, drawing drafts and detailed descriptions of the visited monuments. Polonic also makes notes of his observations concerning the state of preservation or degradation of the sites he visits.
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This article focuses on the finds from Mahmudia ascribed to the Early Iron Age. The ceramic vessels in the collection of the school from Mahmudia can be chronologically ascribed to the early phase of Babadag culture (10th-9th c. BC).
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The second part of this article focuses on Al. Odobescu’s activity which may be related, more or less, to the county of Buzău. Starting from several interesting features, selected on the basis of received answers to his Questionnaire, Odobescu carried on a series of explorations, the most significant moment of which was, by far, the discovery of an unknown complex of rupestral vestiges, former hermitages and monk cells. We will spatially investigate all the testimonies of his travels and explorations with the purpose of discovering all the places he had actually visited, in an attempt to reconstruct Odobescu’s activity in the county of Buzău. We will take care to relate any archive document, water-color painting or other various evidences with the already published facts by Odobescu along his entire career.
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The strategic importance of the area: the gateway to Transylvania that the Celtic conquerors missed. This passing point is the Meseş-gate around which classic Dacian discoveries revolve, that are dated in the range 2nd c. BC – 1st c. AD. Is the main reason why the classic Dacian period experienced a great development, but no major changes in climate or terrain. Nowhere in the Dacian world obviously except the capital Sarmizegetusa, was not found such a great treasures density after the removal of the Celtic domination (2nd c. BC). The occurrence of at least 15 fortified points after the disappearance of Celts in the area is a natural consequence of this. The treasure discoveries, made during archaeological research, express the high degree of civilization attained by Dacians on the present territory of Sălaj. Passage point and transit of goods, values, people and ideas, the Depression of Şimleu is the area where they were found "exceptions" from the common pattern observed for the Dacian space. In addition to the abundance of fragments Celtic painted recipients imported from western regions there were discovered also pieces that can origin from the eastern and southern parts of the Dacian material culture. The last category is represented by cups with relief decoration on four small fragments, all found at Şimleu Silvaniei Cetate.
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A good and professional matchmaker has to possess a great amount of data about the future spouses. This information relates to their wealth, qualities, flaws, interests, and possible hereditary diseases. Even though the official attitude states that most marriages in PR China are made out of love without matchmaking, today, as before, matchmakers have prosperous businesses.
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The Chinese culinary tradition holds a special and significant place in the entire domain of Chinese culture. This tradition is part of the fine art of living the Chinese people possess. They are very serious when it comes to food and they consider eating one of the rare pleasures in life. The Chinese have elevated eating to the level of art. For them, food is not just a mean of survival, but the most constant, most reliable, and easiest way to enjoy life.
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Interviews with Tang Guo, Xu Zhen and Yu Youhan.
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With great changes in all aspects of Chinese spirituality, PR China has stepped into the new century. The architecture of modern China has, up to the nineties, been under the influence of the Corbusian concept of city planning, with isolated towers and multistory buildings. During the last decade there has been a radical turn, clusters of apartment houses began to twirl in a snakelike manner, elevate, drop and succumb to the terrain conditions. The Chinese today valorize the right of every man to live decently and comfortably.
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Up to the eighties of the 20th century, modern Chinese drama has mostly relied on the realistic, Ibsen dramatic tradition and Stanislavski theatrical methods. Of course, Brecht, Pinter, Beckett and Ionesco played an important role in the new development of Chinese drama. All this enabled the development of experimental theatre in China, which began to search for new means and ways for the theatrical shaping of reality. Thematically, experimental drama was aimed at the problems of contemporary Chinese society.
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Monetary and mercantile culture, with all the positive and negative consequences they bring, have always played a great role in Chinese civilization, and today that role is probably greater than ever before. The spirit of the Chinese nation, which is usually observed first of all as proverbially philosophical and contemplative, has simultaneously through history shown a great sense for the practical organization of economy and finance. The shape of the Chinese coin, which harmoniously united the geometric figures of the circle and the square, was perceived as a symbolic cosmological validation of the great social and practical importance of money, and thus a specifically Chinese form of a cult was created, in which money obtained divine attributes.
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Pragmatism is the word most often used today when one wishes to describe in a word everything that characterizes the Chinese society, politics and economy. It was necessary to firstly modernize agriculture, performing the needed research in every field separately in order to increase productivity. The next important point was building an infrastructure, including transportation, telecommunications and electro energetic system. There was also a need for education, not only for young people, but also for peasants who could modernize their agricultural production by deploying management and marketing in their daily practice. China was ready to open its doors to the world, which would let in new knowledge, technology, but also foreign competition on the domestic market, as one of the requirements that enabled China to enter the WTO. Even though all aspects of life in China prospered thanks to the economic growth, the gap between the rich coastal areas and poverty-stricken inner parts of China deepened.
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The EU is still at the beginning of the path towards a cohesive and effective Belarus policy. Democratization of Belarus should be the main goal for the EU and can only take place as a result of changing the government in this country. Now the EU needs to say openly that Belarus is a special case among the neighbours of the Union and could elaborate a special strategy towards the country, different from the existing ENP strategy. The Belarusian issue should not be a strictly European affair. Transatlantic co-operation with the US especially but also with Canada is needed. The Belarus question influences the EU and the US relations with Russia. It seems that the tensions between the EU and the USA on the one hand and Russia on the other hand will grow in the future due to further existence of the Lukashenko regime and the Kremlin’s support for it.
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In March 2006, Lukashenko retained the power and secured himself yet another five years of term not as a result of the election but because of the perfected system of preventing any real election. The election and the activities of the authorities afterwards merely confirmed the nature of the regime in Belarus. After the election the regime continued and intensified its repression against opposition and in general against the rights and freedoms of the people of Belarus. However, despite the administrative, police and propaganda measures the Belarusian opposition and civil society managed to produce a real challenge to the existing status quo. Notwithstanding the massive campaign of intimidation the civil society of Belarus publicly challenged the regime. In general, it could be said that the mood in favor of changes has strengthened. For the eventual success of democracy a strong emphasis on democratic principles and values is required.
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Review: Book by Joerg Forbrig, David R. Marples, and Pavol Demeš (eds.). Bratislava: German Marshall Fund of the United States, 2006.
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For a long time, Russia’s relationship with Belarus was an obvious exclusion from the Moscow’s CIS policy mainstream: while the model of full-fledged relations between the independent states was implemented as a basis for most post-Soviet countries, the relations with Belarus remained a “domestic matter”, and were hardly institutionalized at all. There was a sound explanation to this exclusion: Russia and Belarus declared an intention to build a common state in 1996, and this was the reason for Russia to keep the gas prices for Belarus reduced for years. The “transitional” status of Belarus was also the reason for Russia to pay the political costs for the support of the “last dictatorship in Europe” – the situation was perceived to be a temporary one, and all “was to be fixed” after the expected unification. The article analyses in depth the logic and structure of the Russia-Belarus relations, reveals the hidden, non-obvious tendencies of their development and outlines the possible scenario of the future.
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