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Zarys problemu
The article presents the evolution and development of nationalist ideas in the modern world. Nationalist concepts are as traditional as the same process of creating nations. In our reality is associated with a number of issues, such as distinct language, culture, tradition, history, territorial community, economics, religion and so on. As a result, these differences affect the formation of separatism, desire to extract their own nation in the form obtain separate autonomous rights or your own countries. Nationalism carries the positive factors, unites the community, allows you to specify the boundaries of national interest, it gives a sense of separateness and togetherness, it lets survive tough times, etc. Nationalism becomes dangerous in a situation adopt its extreme forms — chauvinism, crises may in fact lead to open confrontation, be a hotbed of new wars. Today's nationalism adopts new forms of interaction. Instead of meeting places churches have become such pubs, bars or place of daily meetings of local communities, and career starts doing the term pop-nationalism.
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The author intends to present a brief outline a different approach to the questionof nationalities in the quest for independence of Scotland from the dominion of Great Britain. It also tries to distinguish between nationalism of the national movement, which is seen as a positive, but often identified with nationalism, which has a negative meaning in the common use and common use. Examine the program of the National Party of Scotland, which led to a referendum on independence, for the first time in the history of the two countries and to equate the desire for independence of Scots for over 300 years.
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Persuasion of theorists of Ukrainian political opinion of Western Ukraine, publicism and position papers of socialistic aspiration parties for the purpose the analysis of forms and institutional bases of the state are investigated. Payment of the Ukrainian thinkers-socialists in the range of problems of classification of the political regimes, determination of their signs are analysed. The scientific contribution of theorists of Ukrainian political opinion of socialistic aspiration out to research of forms state government, principle of distribution of power and system of inhibitions and counterbalances between its branches, state-political institutes of country's, parliament and government, problem of rights and freedoms of person, electoral process, local self-government leader are found out. Political priorities of scientists and ideologists of Ukrainian organized socialism are investigated, their constructions of process are exposed.
More...Zur emotionalitat in den internationalen beziehungen (am beispiel Deutschlands seit 1945)
The author tries to define the intanglements between emotions and foreign policy in international relations. Starting with a theoretical framework presenting the key-concept of "emotional culture" through an approach inspired by newer cultural studies as well as constructivist theories of International Relations, he shows first the link between emotions and remembrance in emotional communities. Furthermore, he underlines the stabilizing function of a given emotional regime, but also the possibility of its political instrumentalization and the risks of manipulation. He takes then the example of how some European emotional cultures have evolved concerning Germany after 1945 (from fear to confidence). Some final comments evoke successful and less successful forms of reactivation of the former emotional norm in relation with Germany in the past years since the beginning of the financial crisis in the Euro-zone. This shows the still dominating heterogeneity of emotional cultures in Europe.
More...Dylematy i wyzwania
One of the significant elements of the foreign policy pursued after 1989 is Poland'sengagement in the activities of the international community for strengthening the security in conflict-prone states and regions. Poland has consequently utilised the participation in peacekeeping operations, carried out under the auspices of international organisations and coalitions created ad hoc, as an instrument for implementing its foreign policy.The aim of the article is the analysis of the character, scale and motives for Poland'sinvolvement in the peacekeeping operations of the European Union, from the perspective of the foreign policy after 1989. The adopted construction of the article does not allow to conduct a multi-faceted analysis, but only to concentrate on selected issues, namely the motives and dilemmas of Polish engagement in the European Union's peacekeeping operations.
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Transformation of the ownership structure of state-owned companies was one ofthe key principles of the political transformation in Poland. The way the changes wereimplemented depended on the motivation of successive Polish governments, the executive management of companies concerned, trade unions and most of all on the economic situation of respective companies.The aim of the paper was to present the policies of the Council of Ministers ofthe Republic of Poland in terms of ownership transformations of Morska StoczniaRemontowa Gryfia SA between 1989 and 2015. Based on the analysis of research data, the determinant institutional-legal factors of the process were presented.The main objectives were to seek answers to the following questions: What decisions were made by the Polish government about ownership transformations of MorskaStocznia Remontowa Gryfia SA? and What were the effects ofthe policies implemented by the management of the shipyard in terms of its ownership transformations? Accordingly, analysis was conducted on the effect of decisions made by the Minister of Privatization (and then by the Minister of Treasury) on the course of ownership transformations of Morska Stocznia Remontowa Gryfia SA Furthermore, the cooperation between the management of Morska Stocznia Remontowa Gryfia SA, trade unions and the founding body of the shipyard was presented. An important aspect in the analysis of ownership transformations of Morska Stocznia Remontowa Gryfia SA was to identify the trends of restructurization of the shipyard in order to improve its difficult financial situation and toenable its privatization.
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The basis for the article are studies undergone in three Polish voivodships: Warmiaand Mazury, Pomorskie i Zachodniopomorskie. Its main goal is to answer questions:how the region identified its priorities for international cooperation and their way ofimplementation? Are there significant differences between voivodships regarding this?The foreign activity plays an important role such as opportunity to use the experienceof other regions and to coordinate cooperation between the different actors of the region.Among its objectives outweigh economic tasks related to regional development policy.In case of geographical directions a clear emphasis is focused on cooperation withinthe European region and the neighboring countries, mainly the Baltic Sea. KaliningradDistrict is the only region in cooperating with the all voivodships studied. Regionalgovernments also declare participation in a number of international associations
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The key to Yiddish poet Itzik Manger’s works is his own colourful life. His hometown, Czernowitz, was once in the Habsburg Empire; today, it is the city of Chernivstsi, Ukraine.
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Book review of Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe 1944-56 By: Anne Applebaum
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Review of “The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War.” By: Halik Kochanski.
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Book review of “Normative Influence. The European Union, Eastern Europe and Russia.” By: Małgorzata Klatt and Tomasz Stępniewski
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A book review of “Z powrotem w Europie Środkowej. Eseje i szkice (Back to Central Europe.A Collection of Essays).” By: Emil Brix.
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Review of “Historia niebyła kina PRL (The Non-existent History of Cinema in the People’s Republic of Poland).” By: Tadeusz Lubelski.
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Review of "Field Guide to Jewish Warsaw and Kraków."
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