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The concept of war remains, in its essence, unchanged: a violent expression of the politics, a direct way to unblock an international complex situation, an immediate and categorical way to impose somebody´s will into a confrontation. Nowadays, the most violent confl icts have spread, taking new forms. Without any doubt, we can say that we are dealing with a permanent war. In this context, the historical moment which marked the outstanding development of information technology was the preparation and the deployment of „Desert Storm” military operation, against Iraqi army and regime, in 1991. This precise moment was the base of so-called „informational warfare-IW”, which was implemented under military actions.
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The current situation in Eastern Ukraine describes a reality which could not be predicted some years ago. Some events and development tendencies, such as the adaptive capacity of the EU, the ambitious approach of the liberal security through independency, the annexation of Crimea in March 2014 and the military aggression in the Eastern Ukraine generated a revolution of the geopolitics, which returns to its basic elements. We are coming back to the concept of ”power politics”, which describes a world where rules are imposed by interests of strong geopolitical actors, where international law, security commitments and international responsibilities can be ignored and the military power is back on the table. In this context, we can predict a new type of Cold War, as a border between East and West – a border which is enforced on both sides by military means, but, now, this border is not separating regions following the states frontiers, but it describes, inside a country (Ukraine), a defense line of Ukrainian legitimate authorities, as well as an enforced border between East and West. This line will pass through the Eastern part of Kyiv, but West from the current demarcation line of Donbas region. Formally, everybody will reject it as a border, recognizing Ukraine as a sovereign and independent state, with a reference to Minsk agreements. In fact, this will be a real enforced geopolitical border, with weapons on its both sides, but also with some rules of engagement between East and West, in order to avoid an extended geopolitical war.
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This paper analyzes the impact of the sovereign debts on the European security from the perspective of the present economic and political situation in Europe. Under the pressure of the numerous effects of the fi nancial crisis, the EU member states seem insensible to the fact that Europe is almost facing a catastrophe, which was already experienced some decades ago, but with the difference that nowadays we have better instruments to negotiate and to prevent the worst case scenario. In this context, we are surprised to see that the EU member states are ignoring EU main principles – cohesion and solidarity –, which were the fundament of the European integration political project, when they are to solve the most diffi cult problems. If we analyze the Greece crisis only from a pure economic perspective, the constraints that the EU is imposing to Athens seem to be a big mistake, which can predict a diffi cult future. If some high ranking politicians in the EU see as a catastrophe a third bailout for Greece, this situation announces the risk which is threatening the efforts and hopes invested in the peace of Europe. Greece crisis is the symptom of the numerous mistakes made by the European governance, given that the European political spectre is mainly occupied by radical and not by democratic parties. More than that, the process of a country indebting stays on the economic rules imposed by the EU.
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This a rticle enhances the necessity to change the approach of the decision making in the economic policy, starting from the relationship between politics and economy and from the infl uence of this relationship onto Romanian national security. In our opinion, we are facing the imperative to create a coherent strategy, on the medium and long term, concerning the development of Romania. In this context, the experts must detain the main role into the elaboration and the implementation of this strategy. Given the more and more problematic and unpredictable security challenges into the euro-atlantic eastern neighborhood, this new approach would permit Romania – as a national actor and NATO member – to have an effi cient use of its national resources.
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The international media reacted to the idea of the open use of psychotronic weapons by the publication of some scientifi c experiments from 1913, when electromagnetic waves were used to transmit simple sounds into the human brain. However, most of them avoided to say that, since then, this kind of experiments made the object of extensive scientifi c research all over the world. Probably, these capabilities which enable the remote control of the human nervous system or the remote infl iction of health impairment are available to many modern governments.
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NATO Joint Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR) Concept establishes the basis on which Euro-Atlantic and national assets are combined to support NATO. This concept aims to establish a joint command of the traditional ISR activities, targeting a joint and synchronized functioning of intelligence activity and tactic operations.
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Craft guilds participated actively in the socio-economic life of towns from the 13th century up to the 19th century. A valuable and interesting source to study their history are material relics that remained of their activities. The article describes the guild artefacts which are to be found in the collection of the National Museum in Szczecin. They have been divided into several groups according to their application: fittings of the guild chamber or inn, objects used in the formal activities of the guilds, and identification and legal signs. The article is a starting point and a hint for the researchers who will decide to use other than written sources in their investigations. A closer analysis of particular objects may be useful not only in the description of the functioning and importance of the organisations analysed, but in establishing their chronology
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The article presents one of the ways to create the contemporary coats of arms for the West-Pomeranian counties, of which the overwhelming majority appeared after the new administrative division of the country in 1999. Only six county coats of arms drew on the pre-war heraldic tradition: Pyrzyce, Choszczno, Myślibórz, Łobez, Świdwin, and Szczecinek. The reception of the German municipal heraldry in the West-Pomeranian Region was carried out in two ways. The fi rst was to take over the pre-war coats of arms and approved it by the County Council; the second – to accept new coats of arms but based on the German antecedents. The fi rst way was used by two counties: Choszczno and Łobez; the second was used by the counties of Myślibórz, Szczecinek, Pyrzyce and Świdwin.
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The main aim of the article is to analyze the spatial disparities on the local labour market and evaluate how the local labour market have changed in the last decade. The seasonality is a signifi cant issue considered in this article, as well. The questions to which the answers were looked for are: how the local markets differ in respect of seasonality, and how much the researched communities are differentiated. In order to do it, the unemployment rate was applied. The time taken for the analysis are the years 2001–2012. The available literature, statistical data of the Central Statistical Offi ce, of the BDL (the Bank of Local Data) and data of the Szczecin WUP (Voivodeship Labour Offi ce) sources were used to reach the assumed goal. The subject of the research are rural communities of the Koszalin county: Będzino, Biesiekierz, Manowo, Mielno, Polanów, Sianów and Świeszyno and the town of Koszalin
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