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The article presents the units that participated in the fights in Western Pomerania (German: Provinz Pommern) in January and February 1945: the 6th foreign Waffen-SS Division (the 11th Voluntary Armoured SS Division Nordland, the 15th Grenadiers’ Division Lettland, the 23rd Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ SS Division Nederland, the 27th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division Langemarck, the 28th Voluntary Armoured Grenadiers’ Division Wallonien, the 33rd Grenadiers’ SS Division Charlemagne) and anti-Stalinist units of the 1st Division of the Russian Liberation Army (ROA), which was part of the so-called Własow Army. At the beginning there is a presentation of the genesis of the armed forces of the SS composed of West-European volunteers (Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Finns, Frenchmen, Belgian Walloons and Flemings), the profiles of some of their leaders, the structure of the forces and the sites of some earlier battles (especially during the period of 1943–1944) against a wider background of the Pomeranian operations of the Red Army and the units of the 1st Polish Army. Later there is a presentation of the military situation at the end of 1944 and the beginning of 1945 and the effects of the January offensive of the Red Army, as well as the circumstances of how the foreign units of the Waffen-SS reached Western Pomerania and how they were reconstructed (the 15th SS Division Lettland) and their initial battle operations. The first chapters depict the battle operations of the units of the 15th Latvian SS Division Lettland on the ‘Pomeranian Embankment’ and later near Kamień Pomorski, and the fate of the units after the defeat in Western Pomerania. One of the episodes described in detail is the war crimes against the Polish soldiers who had been taken captive at the beginning of February 1945 in the village of Podgaje (German: Flederborn) committed by either Latvian SS-men or the Dutch ones from the Division Nederland. The first chapters also depict the battles fought by the 33rd French SS Division Charlemagne on its combat trail from Szczecinek (German: Neusttetin) to Białogard on the Parsęta River (German: Belgard) and Karlino (German: Körlin), and in defence of the Twierdza Kołobrzeg (German: Festung Kolberg; English: Kolberg Stronghold). In the background there are other military operations in Pomerania, among other things the defeat of the 10th SS Army Corps or the battles in retreat between Dziwnów (German: Dievenow) and Trzęsacz (German: Haff). These descriptions have been supplemented with the presentation of the battles fought by the units of the 1st Division of the ROA (S.K. Bunjaczenko was its commander but it was subordinated to Wehrmacht) along the Oder, including – among other things – groups of tank destroyers at Gozdowice (German: Güstebiese) and South of Szczecin, as well as on the combat trail of the Własow Army from Brandenburg, through Lusatia (Polish: Łużyce), to Czechoslovakia, where the Army finally ceased to exist.
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Since the 1960s Polish sociologists have been carrying out research on seaside communities, maritime professions and maritime industry companies. Fishermen and seamen constituted a particularly interesting subject of study. The author refers to the issues of isolation which is the result of several months’ long stay on an oceangoing vessel. In the article after describing the ‘therapeutic’ (for respondents) function of research discovered during in-depth interviews with seamen, the author analyses various kinds and degrees of isolation they experience
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The bronze crucifixes found in Western Pomerania are examples of tiny crucifixes that were extremely popular during the Romanesque period. In the 12th century and later they were the basic equipment of churches, where they used to be placed on the altars, carried in processions, and used in liturgy or as reliquaries. Both the examples described in the text are realisations of the same pattern within one workshop. On the other hand, they present different forms: the crucifix from Żelichowo is more naturalistic and its character is more creative, whereas the one from Pyrzyce is more schematic (or simplistic) and decorative. The specific form of the head and the structure of the perizoma situate both, according to the classification of Peter Boch, in the group of crucifixes called Hermannburger Folge. Very strong resemblance of both to the image on the Płock Gates, especially in the shapes of the heads with the dominating nose, a ‘garland’ of a beard and slanting eyes, makes it possible to connect both the crucifixes with the Magdeburg workshop and date them to the 7th century. They have been found within the limits of the Duchy of Pomerania (German: Herzogtum Pommern), which testifies that the first Pomeranian churches functioned according to the customs of the time; they also confirm that the transportation tracks, which were bustling with activity, linked the region with important European centres, especially with Magdeburg, which played a significant role in the cultural and civilisational development of Pomerania and Poland
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The paper deals with the ambiguous origination of the symbol of Griffin in the Duchy of Pomerania, i.e. the way how the motif was implemented in the Pomeranian culture, as well as when it happened and in which form. The paper includes an analysis of the oldest iconographic relics from Pomerania with an image of Griffin and it offers some explanations why that symbol appeared in the Duchy. The paper also provides some information on the origin of the symbol as far back as the ancient and medieval times.
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The article is a presentation of the monographic research into the territorial communities of Western Pomerania. The research of that type has been carried out – with various intensity – from the end of the 1950s. The tradition of the monographic field research has its origins in sociology and cultural anthropology, and its characteristic feature is a comprehensive, many-sided approach to the community under scrutiny in a wide context of environmental, economic, political and historical factors. Such a manner of carrying out research is radically different from the survey type that is dominant in sociology.
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Scholars perceived the sevdalinka in exile as an evident expression of refugees' Bosnian identity. Although this aspect might be important, we think that the identity dimension of the sevdalinka was overemphasised. That is why we point to the appearance of the sevdalinka in Slovenia as a complex process of experiencing uncertainty and trauma of forced migration on the one hand, and youth creativity or a search for expressive freedom on the other. Hence, we aim to move the focus from the refugees' music life as collective experience to personal, highly individualised narratives. In addition, we argue that musical activities were organised in many aspects. An ethnomusicologist participated in these activities, therefore the work of applied ethnomusicology, together with its practice of strategic essentialisation of music, should be discussed as an integral part of the refugees' music-making process.
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The author notes that new, more complex researches of connections between animals, nature and connections to humans are needed in Slovenian and European folklore, literature and cultural studies, due to new ecological and ethical findings in the wider social and cultural environment and a changing order of the world, which has moved the focus from anthropocentrism into ecocentrism. The discussion builds upon various theoretical discourses, new concepts and multidisciplinary knowledge, to create the foundations, guidelines and directions for a new academic discipline of zoofolkloristics. Furthermore, new theoretical and analytical discourses should enable zoofolkloristics to provide an insight into changes in human attitudes to animals, in both folklore and within traditional and contemporary ritual practices, or their redefinition, and at the same time exert influence upon legal safety of non-human subjectivities.
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This article discusses political implications of the fact that technological development and consumption in socialism are nowdays shown as a failed project of the socialist production. This generates a view that the Yugoslav socialism was never a part modernitiy.
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Gender studies are an important part of ethnomusicological research, but in Slovenia, not many studies or discussions have been dedicated to this topic. The position of a woman in the second half of the 20th century in Slovenia is, on the one hand, strongly connected to the socialist social system and its policy of equality, but, on the other, the article also reveals control mechanisms that maintained hierarchical positions between genders. Several cases of women public instrumental practices are described, with a focus on a narrative of a woman bell chimer through which the complexity of gender relationships in bell chiming is discovered and explained.
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John Rechy's novel City of Night, published in 1963, predated the Chicano Movement and the scholarly concentration on Mexican American issues that came in the movement's wake. However, many of the subjects that have preoccupied scholars since the beginning of the interdisciplinary field of Chicano Studies, such as the multiplicity of identities in the Chicano/a community, were anticipated in Rechy's novel. Through an analysis of narrative techniques, such as the first person point of view and observational tone, the episodic structure and picaresque genre, this article outlines how multiplicity and in-betweenness, especially in terms of ethnicity and sexuality, are constructed in the novel and can be considered as an example of the conceptual space of nepantla.
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The Avsenik Brothers Ensemble is by far the most successful Slovene music group performing popular-national music, having sold 36 million albums worldwide and having been featured in more than 10,000 live shows. Year 2013 marked the 60th anniversary of successful music-making for the brothers Slavko Avsenik and Vilko Ovsenik. Today the family music tradition is actively pursued by Slavko's son Gregor, and grandson Sašo, who continue the artistry of the Avseniks and oversee the family business built around it. The article provides a historical qualitative description of the Avseniks' career, their business model, the milestones of their success, music expansion and building of the identity of popular-national music in Slovenia.
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