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BENJAMIN FONDANE, dans la revue «Non-Lieu», dirigée par Michel Carassou, Paris 1978. LES FONTAINES DE L'AME, poèmes, par Angela Ghelber, aux Editions l'Age d'Homme, Lausanne, 1977.
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The analysis of the relation between the social policies and the development of the society relies on evidences. Various macroeconomic indicators are considered, such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and the Gross National Income (GNI), both at the current prices (CP) and at the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The analysis also considers the social expenditure and the impact of the social transfers on the population income, income inequality and poverty risk. This analysis addresses the EU member states where acceptable conditions exist in order to compare these indicators (because the differences between countries don’t lead to disparities), but the situation from the EU is also seen within the global context. The data have been selected from reports released by the World Bank, the United Nations Program for Development (UNDP) and the EU Statistical Institute (Eurostat). The results of the analysis show the existence of significant, even large, differences between the EU member states both regarding the macroeconomic indicators, and regarding the income, social expenditure and impact indicators. On the other hand, the analysis shows the role of the social policies in the development of the society through the benefits supplied by fields such as pensions, health care, education, family and children, dwelling. Thus, the developed EU countries usually allocate more for the social benefits, and those who do this also manage to alleviate the social inequities, compared to the countries which make less use of this public policies instrument. The mere allocation of important funds for social protection is obviously not enough, because the system must also be managed properly. Actually, some countries with modest material resources managed to produce favourable results in these fields, while both in the more or less developed countries in which the social transfers account for small proportions of the GDP, the income inequalities display a trend to be larger than in the first two categories of countries.
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Since its independence, the state of Moldavia has been oriented towards the family of European Union. But the European direction can be replaced by the pro-Eurasian direction, promoted by pro-Russian political forces in this country. In this respect, people options are divided. The sociological study entitled: “Vox Populi – The Republic of Moldova” during October 21–November 2, 2013 period, initiated and developed by the Association of Sociologists and Demographs from the Republic of Moldavia has researched both European and Eurasian options. The research sample included 1 192 respondents from 79 localities, without the Transnistria region, and it was representative for the adult population, with a maximum error of ± 2.8%. The authors of the study present the reasons of these options, quantitatively and qualitatively. Their conclusions are the following: the Moldavian population knows very little the risks and the benefits of the accession to the European Union. Its sources of information are the mass-media, first, the tv, but there are no special editions devoted to this association. From case to case, other sources are: the internet, the discussions with friends, close people. The population does not know about the infrastructure development projects, of training, of joint ventures with EU Member States, or about the grants which started in 2010, since the “Alliance for European Integration” coalition is in state. Group interests of the politicians, the judicial corruption and its involvement in press scandals have led to the collapse of power and have eclipsed the European path declared by the Governors. In these circumstances, taking advantage of the precarious social-economic situation, the Communist opposition, hostile to the idea of associating with the European Union, with the support of the Russian Federation, initiated terrorist actions, disinformation, mass manipulation of the population, for the accession of the Republic of Moldavia to the Customs Union Russia–Belarus–Kazakhstan, practically, for the reconstruction of the neo-liberal principles of Imperialist Russia. During the next EU Summit from Vilnius, the Government of the country will join all the efforts of civil society, NGOs in the Republic of Moldavia, to demonstrate that they have the ability to organize, convince and attract people in knowing the advantages and disadvantages of an association to the European Union. All this, in order to avoid the manipulation of the population and its disinformation, its use against the national interest by hostile political forces.
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Based on the concept of “good society” which was presented at the International Conference “Towards a better society. European Perspective”, the article aims to present a minimum consumption model, but also a view on the purchasing power of the minimum wage from EU’s countries in the Romanian economy. The paper highlights the importance of measuring realistic consumption pattern of poverty in a country or in a certain period of time, and of course, measures can be taken to mitigate the fall into poverty, to support vulnerable population groups and the cost estimates required for the satisfaction of urgent needs. The perspective that we want to present is that we can compare the most important and widely used types of wage income: the average and the minimum wage of the population, in different European countries, on the Romanian market, from this perspective, projecting the purchase of various food products and services with the income of the employees working in the European community. This comparative picture is more suggestive, as the whole world, including the European Union, was affected, for several years, by economic and financial difficulties, and which affected also countries where people's lives are equal to the welfare concept.
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In the first decade after the fall of the communist regime in 1989, Romania was one of the major sending countries for inter-country adoptions, As a result of external pressures, after 2001, domestic adoptions became prevalent, and since 2004, no international adoption took place. In recent years, studies on domestic adoptions flourished, but none investigated how adoptive families disclose to the child that he/she is adopted. In 2012, a new legislation on adoption required adoptive families to disclose to the child that is adopted, this topic being also included in the curriculum preparing families for adoption. The present study investigated adoption disclosure practices of Romanian adoptive families in a nationally representative sample of domestic adoptions carried out between 2000–2009 (N= 516). The research was carried out with the support of the National Office for Adoptions, local Departments for Social Work and Child Protection and UNICEF. While a great majority of families (95%) agree with adoption disclosure, only 69% disclosed. One in ten families looked for support to disclose. The mean age of the children at disclosure was 5 years, families from rural areas being more open than those from urban areas (73% vs. 67%). A very small proportion of children are in contact with the biological family, and mostly with their brothers and sisters than with the parents. More than two thirds (69%) of the families who experienced reunification with the biological family (10% of total sample) had a positive experience. Adoptive families do not tend to agree with open adoptions. Post-adoption social services need to be further developed to support families and children on disclosure strategies and/or reunification, if wanted. Requiring adoptive families to disclose to the child seems to remain a controversial issue in Romania, and open adoption is not too popular, but positive examples can be used.
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The paper discusses management of forest as a renewable resource with two various possible uses: timber production and providing with non-market amenity services such as recreation, cultural needs, protection of soil and water, conservation of biodiversity. The authors present an overview of the forest management models – the Faustmann model, the C. Clark model, the Hotelling’s rule and describe sustainable timber management approach. The paper also includes description of the most important differences in forest management conducted by public and private owners. The form of ownership is shown as crucial for harvest timing. The authors also present recent data for Polish forest management sector with two forms of ownership distinguished.
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Sustainable and multifunctional development of rural areas requires efficient management of natural resources that are found in the area. Rational management is not possible without full evaluation of resources and their functions. Resources are often treated as public goods and their full value is not reflected in market economic categories. The purpose of this article is to show that the non-production functions of natural resources have their own value, which can be estimated using the methods developed in environmental economics. The concept of the full economic value of natural resources and basic evaluation method is used to achieve this goal. The evaluation of the worth of environmental goods is presented on the selected examples, in particular of biodiversity, landscapes and recreational values. These methods include, for example: WTP, CVM, COIM, HPM, TCM. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of evaluation of environmental goods and services in rural areas based on selected resource stocks acting as public goods. It should be noted that in the current 2014−2020 planning horizon, the planned CAP puts a very strong emphasis on the effectiveness of such protection. In this context, there would be an increasing importance on the evaluation of public goods of an environmental nature. This paper presents a theoretical basis of possibilities to evaluate the natural resources and their worth as delivery of public goods in rural areas.
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Naturally valuable areas play a double role in the realization of balanced development policy. Their functioning is directly connected with regulations of conservation and environment protection. Being inseparable part of rural environment they contribute to the policy of developing rural areas carried out by economical units (mainly farms). As exemplified by Podkarpackie Voivodeship which features a great ratio of protected areas (almost 45%), basic data concerning the range of functioning of protected areas including areas of Natura 2000 as well as the condition and directions of social-economic development was analyzed. Great attention was paid to possibilities and developmental barriers in protected areas. The research has proved that protected areas in Podkarpackie Voivodeship are not arranged regularly. In five districts – Bieszczady, Lesko, Sanok, Przemyśl and Krosno, in which the part of protected areas constitute 50 to 100% of all areas, they cover over 440 thousand hectares, which makes 55% of all protected areas in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. On the other hand, the districts of Tarnobrzeg, Nisko, Stalowa Wola and Dębica, that is in the northern and western part of the voivodeship, the ratio is very small which is caused mainly by industrial development in this region. Moreover, the research has proved that among social-economic directions of development the most predestined are: agriculture keeping high standards of environment protection, tourism, agritourism and non-agricultural economic activity of farms, including pro-environmental services.
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Like in many other countries, also in Poland the positive employment effects of renewable energy technologies remain an important argument for supporting these technologies. This is particularly important in the local context, when a renewable energy installation may solve specific problems of a particular community. In the paper a method of employment impact assessment of renewable energy sources at the local level is shown. The results of the study which is going to be conducted based on this method will be useful for local decision-makers to assess the potential employment impact of planned renewable energy installations.
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