SNAKE IN KYRGYZ FOLK BELIEF AND FOLK MEDICINE PRACTICE

KIRGIZ HALK İNANCI VE HALK HEKİMLİĞİ UYGULAMALARINDA YILAN

Author(s): Mayrambek Orozobaev / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: Snake; snake treatment; Kyrgyz folk medicine; traditional belief of the Kyrgyz.

Today, there are various beliefs and practices about snake that is a reptile species that always attracts the attention of the community due to the different body structure, mysterious way of life and wakening of potential danger. Some of these beliefs and practices continue to exist in the Kyrgyz, an ancient Turkish community. For example, when a snake enters a tent in the rural areas or yard the house members spread milk drinks such as milk, buttermilk, koumiss on themselves to alienate the snake from the region. This is called "white spreading" (ak çaçuu in Kyrgyz). In addition, most keen people (folk doctors) set forth that their protective spirits are the "White Snake" (ak cılan) and use the so-called "white-medicine" (ak darı) treatment prepared from the organ of a snake during their treatments. The basis of the foundation of such belief and application is not fully understood yet. On the other hand, although snake symbolizes sly, cunning, vindictive, lethal, presence of malicious creature in most folkloric sources, it is remarkable that some Kyrgyz tales describe snake as intelligent, honest, responsive, resourceful and sacred creature. All these conduced towards the detailed study of snake in the Kyrgyz culture in our study. Snake in the Kyrgyz culture is based on a number of knowledgeable oral culture narrations. In our study, the traditional practices that we have seen and witnessed have been considered as well as this information. The subject of the article has been discussed within the framework of sub-headings Beliefs Related to the Snakes in Kyrgyz Folk Culture and Snake in Kyrgyz Folk Medicine. The purpose of this article is to introduce the place and importance of snake within the Kyrgyz culture, determine the roots of belief and practices regarding snakes between the Kyrgyz today and contribute to the research of aspects that have not been clarified in the general Turkish culture.

ABOUT THE LENGTH OF TURKISH WORDS

TÜRKÇE KELİMENİN UZUNLUĞU ÜZERİNE

Author(s): Marika Jikia / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: Immediate memory; its limited volum; linguistic levels; Turkish wordform; the number of affixes; length of wordform.

Irregularity of components is a basic property of a language as a multivariate phenomenon. In the process of speech various linguistic levels – phonological, morphonological, morphological, morphosintactical and syntactical – display certain limitations associated with the combinability of morpheme sequences, combined nouns, the structure of phrases or sentences, etc. On the basis of a series of psycholinguistic experiments it has been established that in the process of speech generation recording of different levels of units is performed not in the constants, but in the so called immediate memory. Its volume is limited to the 7±2 symbols of a message. We can illustrate this in the case of Turkish word-form : Ev-ler-im-de-ki-ler-den-di-n ‘You was of those who had been in my houses’ The morpheme sequence will remain correct if some affixes are included: ev-ler-im-iz-de-ki-ler-den-di-yse-n-iz ‘If you were (one) of those who had been in our houses’ Or else: Kes-tir-il-ebil-ecek-mi-ymiş-sin-iz ‘ Could you have been cut off ? ’ A native speaker can easily understand such awkward morpheme constructions, but in natural speech and written texts which had been reviewed with this aim in view no examples were found. It should be noted that short constructions are particularly typical for colloquial speech, while the style of scientific papers, which implies a comprehensive description of concepts under study, gives rise to long wordforms.

MOTIFS AND FORMS OF LIFE’S FAREWELL OF THE ANCIENT IRANIAN PEOPLES

МОТИВЫ И ФОРМЫ ПРОЩАНИЯ С ЖИЗНЬЮ У ИРАНОЯЗЫЧНЫХ НАРОДОВ В ДРЕВНОСТИ

Author(s): Lyudvig Alekseyevich Chibirov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: Parricide; The fate of the elderly; Sacrifice; Prisoners of war; Right hand; Beheading; Bowl.

In ancient religions, decrepitude and death of revered king perceived as a real threat to the viability of the whole people. Indo-European tribes (Scythians, Massagets) existed as a parricide institutionalized phenomenon. The custom relented, as the time passed, but the frail elderly have not enjoyed the respect Alan, what is convincing evidence Nartovian epic (story "Uruzmag’s Feast" etc.). In honor to the war god Ares Scythians sacrificed prisoners of war, they cut off his right shoulder and thrown away (Herodotus). The tradition inherited Sarmatians and Alans, widely reflected in the oral folklore (tales, fairy tales, songs) and the traditions of the Ossetians. The biggest achievement in life Scythian – cutting off the head to the enemy – has found a direct reflection of the epic Narta Sage in the Ossetian language vocabulary. We find in the legends and legacy from the time of the Scythian scalping custom, the use of skulls as bowls, etc. The above examples of archaic – evidence of excessive ethnogenetic, continuity of communication, from the far-reaching of the Scythians to the modern Ossetians.

BELIEFS AND TRADITIONS OF ALTAI TURK HUNTERS

ALTAY TÜRKLERİNDE AVCI İNANÇLARI VE GELENEKLERİ

Author(s): Leonid Pavlovich Potapov / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2012

Çevirisi yapılan makalenin orijinali şöyledir: L. P. Potapov, “Ohotniçi Poverya i Obrayadı u Altayskih Turkov”, Kultura i Pismennost Vostoka, Baku 1929, 5. Kitap, s. 123-149

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BLACK SEA REGION POLICY

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S BLACK SEA REGION POLICY

Author(s): Haydar Efe / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: European Union; Black Sea region; Black Sea Synergy; Eastern Partnership

After Romania and Bulgaria entrance in to the EU, the Black Sea region has become very important for the European Union. First of all, stability and security in the Black Sea region is important for the EU. This region is also a main concern for the European Union regarding of preventing the spread of organized crime and terrorism. On the other hand, this region is an important hub for energy and transport flows for the EU. The EU is an important economic and trading partner for the Black Sea countries and makes many efforts to stimulate democratic and economic reforms and supports regional development of the whole region. In this context, “Black Sea Synergy” Programme as an EU initiative was launched in 2007, and finally in May 2009, the EU adopted the “Eastern Partnership” a plan to foster closer political and economic ties with these countries of the region

A CATALOGUE STUDY ON THESES IN RUSSIA SCIENCE ACADEMY ABOUT TURKISH PHILOLOGY

TÜRK FİLOLOJİSİ İLE İLGİLİ RUSYA BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİNDEKİ TEZLERÜZERİNE BİR KATALOG ÇALIŞMASI

Author(s): Aygün Attar,Erdoğan Altınkaynak,Yalçın Sarıkaya,Elfine Sibgatullina / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: Turcology; Russia; Thesis; Moscow; HİMKİ; Catalogue; Academy of Science

This study has been prepared in connection with “A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THESES ABOUT BLACK SEA AND TURKOLOGY IN RUSSIA FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO TURKISH” Project. This study has been conducted in Lenin Adıan Russian National Library and HIMKI library. The theses are classified according to the surnames of the writers. In the catalogue, the surnames of the writers, their names, the titles of the theses, careers, fields of study, the institution they are written by, its place and date, where and when it was defended, thesis consultant, its jury members, language, number of pages and translation into Russian are presented in an order. In the study, 261 MA and 61 PhD theses are included. In the introduction part, information about Moscow and the case and style of study in Moscow libraries is presented.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EMPATHIC COMMUNICATION IN DIALOG PROCESS

THE IMPORTANCE OF EMPATHIC COMMUNICATION IN DIALOG PROCESS

Author(s): Murat Yıldız / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2012

Keywords: Empathic communication; interreligious dialog; intercultural dialog; prejudices; communication conflicts.

When we observe today’s world, we can safely say that tensions and clashes still continue and that some of them arise from interreligious and intercultural conflicts. In search of a safer future world, man, naturally, looks for a solution. In this context, it is thought that empathic communication model will contribute greatly to the reduction of prejudices and to the formation of a healthy interreligious and intercultural dialog process. The aim of this study is to draw attention towards the importance of learning and teaching of empathic communicaiton skills as a procedural method in interreligious and intercultural relations. In this study, emphasis was placed upon communication conflicts and prejudices and contributions that empathic communication can make in the reduction of prejudices were outlined.

The Mysterious Hu

Misteriosul Hu

Author(s): Magdalena Boiangiu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: Hu Jintao; the new president of China;

At the closing of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), an important piece of news was released: Hu Jintao, the successor of President Jiang Zemin, was elected to be the vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC). Hu's position as the successor of Jiang is further enhanced. Now the question is not whether he will take over Jiang's role of the paramount leader of China, but rather: when will this happen.

Unaskable Questions: the National Identity

Unaskable questions: identitatea naţională

Author(s): Lorena Armulescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: two theories about the national identity; Joseph Nyiri vs Alina Mungiu-Pippidi;

Lorena Armulescu writes about the national identity using two different theories. Joseph Nyiri believes that the small states had to develop a “political genius” for surviving, while the powerful states had the opportunity to build philosophical systems, arts and so on. On the other hand, Alina Mungiu-Pippidi talks about the elite in politics, which can face any demands, no matter what state it belongs to.

Gentlemen’s Show, Freud’s Pleasure

Spectacolul domnilor, bucuria lui Freud

Author(s): Cristian Ghinea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: Gabriel Oprea's activity;

Cristian Ghinea writes an article about Gabriel Oprea, the prefect of the Bucharest. He is a SDP (Social Democratic Party) member and his activity, sometimes very active and even with some controversial actions, recommends him as a possible future mayor of the Bucharest.

Requiem for a Historical Party

Prohod pentru un partid istoric

Author(s): Pavel Câmpeanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: NLP (National Liberal Party) and PNP (National Peasants' Party) in Romania;

Pavel Câmpeanu writes about the two Romanian historical parties, NLP (National Liberal Party) and PNP (National Peasants' Party). The activity of those parties was sometimes different and sometimes the identical, but PNP is not any more a parliamentary party. NLP survived the last elections, but PNP is outside of Parliament and nobody believes that the future is too bright for it.

Money Talks

Banii vorbesc

Author(s): Mircea Vasilescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: 100 richest Romanians published by «Capital»;

Mircea Vasilescu writes about 100 richest business-men, the first such a top in Romania. “Capital” magazine made this ground-breaking work and the results were impressive. Some newspapers criticized the criterion used for this top. The achievement of this proposal was noticeable and the Romanians found that to be a millionaire in dollars is not a dream any more. It is just a simple fact.

New Mioritza

New Mioriţa

Author(s): Vintilă Mihăilescu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 505/2002

Keywords: political regime in Romania; the politics of SDP (the Social Democratic Party) in Romania;

Vintilă Mihăilescu writes an essay on political life in Romania. The author suggests that is difficult to say exactly what kind of politics is made, because of the multifaceted or confusing decisions taken by SDP (Social Democratic Party) , the leading party. He names "neo-liberal-totalitarian" the regime in the contemporary Romania.

Western View of Belarusianisation

Заходні погляд на беларусізацыю

Author(s): Anatol Vialiki / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Belarusianisation; BSSR; History of Belarus of the Beginning of the 20th Century; Nation-Building; National Policy

Marková, Alena (2012). Sovětská bělorusizace jako cesta k národu: iluze nebo realita? Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 261 s. Маркава, Алена. Савецкая беларусізацыя як шлях да нацыі: ілюзія ці рэальнасць? Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 261 s. The review of a book of Czech researcher of Belarusian origin, which seeks the reasons of the failure of attempts to create a modern Belarusian nation throught the analysis of Belarusianisation process of the 1920s.

A Perpetual Borderland

Спрадвечнае памежжа

Author(s): Aliaksandr Paharely / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Belarusian Nation; Belarus; Borderland; Civilisational Approach; Cultural Divide

Savchenko, Andrew (2009). Belarus – A Perpetual Borderland. Leiden - Boston: Brill, 239 p. Саўчанка, Андрэй (2009). Беларусь – спрадвечнае памежжа. Leiden - Boston: Brill, 239 с. The review analyses a work of American researcher of Belarusian origin, who considers Belarus as a country which appeared on the borderland of western and eastern civilisations. The reviewer gives a critical overview of the main author's points and reveals the main problems of representation of Belarus in the English language literature.

Image and Medium: between Science and Show

Вобраз і медыум: паміж навукай і відовішчам

Author(s): Alena Aharelyshava / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Visual Representation; Visual Images; Internet; Cinema; Mass-media; Television

Сарна, Александр (2012). Образ и медиум: визуальный текст в массовой коммуникации: сборник статей. Минск: Издательство “Четыре четверти”. 208 с. The review considers a collection of articles published from 2000 to 2011, which analyse the place and role of visual images in the system of modern mass-media.

Anthology of Political Th ought of the Successful Neighbour

Анталогія палітычнай думкі паспяховага суседа

Author(s): Siarhei Astankovich / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Lithuanian National Movement; Lithuania; National Renaissance; History of the End of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Centuries; Nation-Building

Літоўская палітычная думка, канец ХІХ – пачатак ХХ стагоддзя (2013). The review considers the anthology of Lithuanian political thought of the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries. The anthology compiles translations of the works of the most significant initiators of Lithuanian national movement into Belarusian language.

The Science of Authoritarianism Justification

Навука апраўдання аўтарытарызму

Author(s): Vadzim Smok / Language(s): Belarusian / Issue: 21/2013

Keywords: Authoritarianism; Public Administration, Ideology; Modern History of Belarus; Political Leadership

Котляров, И. и Веруш, А. (2010). Государственное управление и политическое лидерство: социально-политический анализ. Минск: Беларуская навука, 279 с. The review examines a monograph written by the director of Institute of Sociology of Belarusian Academy of Sciences Ihar Katliaroŭ and docent of Public Administrtaion Academy Alla Vieruš. It reveals the lack of scientific substance in the work and its orientation towards academic justification of the legitimacy of current political regime in Belarus.