Keywords: Poland; population ageing; old age; active ageing; volunteering; social activity; university of the third age (U3A);
The aim of this article is to introduce volunteering and lifelong learning as activities that have positive impact on senior citizens’ quality of life. First, the author introduces the importance of different types of activities and their benefits for eldery people and the community. Next section in devoted to volunteering among the eldery (particularly the ways to promote this kind of activity in Poland) and University of the Third Age, i.e. an institution whose aim is to educate and stimulate pensioners. The last part of the article presents barriers to activity of senior citizens.
More...Keywords: Silesian Region police; 1922–1939; methods of police work; inquiry service
Silesian Region Police (PWŚl.) was the second, next to the State Police (PP), police formation in the Second Polish Republic, performing tasks in the field of an internal security. Silesian police was responsible for maintaining security, peace and public order in the province. PWŚL was an important link of security system in the autonomous Silesian province. This article discusses some selected aspects of an organization of the Silesian corps. A lot of attention is paid to the organization of an inquiry service. What is more, this paper describes methods of an operational work, such as a confidential interview, surveillance and others
More...Keywords: identity; regionalism; “us-versus-them” mentality; community; social dimension of football; Zagłębie Dąbrowskie; tradition
Zagłębie Dąbrowskie is an area adjacent to Upper Silesia. Many publications have been devoted to Silesian identity, but few works have been dedicated to the identity of the inhabitants of Zagłębie. Special exponents of this identity are the fans of the “Zagłębie” football club, who are in a sort of permanent conflict with the fans of Silesian clubs. The formers’ demonstrations of support for their team are based on strong appeals to regional identity. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the importance of the symbolic sphere associated with the club, and to highlight the social, cultural, and historical dimension of regional identity. When fans proclaim “we are Zagłębie,” they mean much more than a metaphorical expression of selfidentification. They consider themselves to be guardians of the club symbols and name, and this is one of the reasons for the numerous internal and external conflicts that occur. The functioning of the club is anchored in regional tradition (as well as in inter-regional relations, particularly in regard to the Upper Silesian vicinity, both at the sports level and in many other spheres), and reference to it is one of the pillars of the communal functioning of its most passionate fans. The dynamic has meant, among other things, that they were transformed from the community they had earlier formed into an association; from a community supporting an institution, they have become an institution requiring support. This happened during one of the local soccer crises when the fans decided to create their own rival club “Zagłębie 1906 Sosnowiec.”
More...Keywords: history;
More...Keywords: Śląsk;edukacja regionalna;
Regional education... Sounds scary and encourages yawning. You have to be careful. Especially in such a region as our Upper Silesia.
More...Keywords: automobile insurance; multivariate claim distribution; multi-year bonus-malus system; bonus-malus system fair by transitions rules
The common practice in designing the tariff structure for motor insurance is using bonus-malus systems which are based on one year of claims history. The insurance companies operating in Poland in scope of automobile insurance have an ability to verify claims history of their clients in database held by Information Centre of Insurance Guar-antee Fund (OI UFG). This article is devoted to modelling claim counts for multi-year period using multivariate discrete distributions (Poisson, generalised Poisson and negative multinomial). Multivariate distributions considered in the paper are used to construct fair by transitions rules bonus-malus systems based on multi-year claims history. A numerical illustrations of theoretical considerations based on claims data from database held by OI UFG are presented in the paper.
More...Keywords: surname; contrastive analysis; region; Southern Silesia
The article comprises an initial (draft) description of surnames of the inhabitants of Southern Silesia related to an attempt of comparative all-Poland and regional overviews.
More...The article analyses sociological and anthropological legacy, recollective materials and educational activity of Ludwik Krzywicki (1859–1941). Its aim is to compare his concept of femininity and attitude to women, both inscribed in the three areas of his intellectual activity. In his sociological works which deal with gender relations, femininity appears in two forms: of an accepted proletarian, who understands the mechanism of inevitable social revolution leading automatically to gender equality, and of an aversion towards a middle–class woman, trying to influence the historical process through the emancipation movement. In his anthropological works, womanhood is described as an anarchic phenomenon coming into play in the breakthrough for primitive communities’ moments of political changes. In his recollective materials the attention of the speaking subject is drawn particularly to the women of incoherent character and intellectually dependant who exemplify caricatural version of emancipation. Finally, in Krzywicki’s educational and social activity the issue of support for the educational initiatives taken by female representatives of the emancipation movement in the Kingdom of Poland is present.
More...Keywords: tax abuse; counting variable; compound Poisson distribution; ZIP model;
In the most general terms, tax evasion is a breach of tax law. Such a practice is characterised by the economic effect of tax burden elimination or reduction. This paper is aimed at adapting the fixed effects models that are applied in the non-life insurance ratemaking process to modelling tax abuses. The common characteristics of tax risk assessment and non-life insurance ratemaking include for both cases: the number of a given type of events is counted in the examined time period, the distribution of the amount levied as a tax liability for a single event is examined, with the distribution characterised by strong right-skewed asymmetry, and finally the expected amount levied as a tax liability on a single insured/entity is estimated based on these results. In the case of insurance ratemaking, the obtained expected value serves directly the purpose of estimating the insurance premium. In the area of tax risk, the obtained expected values serve the purpose of estimating the scale of abuses arising from the application of a given behaviour pattern.
More...Keywords: prawa; dziecko; uczeń; niepełnosprawność; szkoła; obowiązki
More...Keywords: the Low Beskids; Bieszczady; suburban public transport; contraction of transportation networks; transport exclusion
Transport exclusion is currently a serious social problem, especially in the counties of the Low Beskids and the Bieszczady Mountains. To better illustrate this problem, it is necessary to observe changes in the suburban public transportation network and, in particular, to identify areas where its quality has deteriorated significantly. The starting point of the research is the year 1990, when on the one hand, the economy was already shifting to the new free market principles, while on the other hand, PKS enterprises still dominated the public transport. The endpoint of the study is the beginning of the year 2019. The article also discusses the background of the described changes. The summary also includes the consequences of those processes as well as the recommendations on how to neutralise some of their negative effects.
More...Keywords: Church Libraries in Poland;
More...Keywords: the margraves of Brandenburg; the House of Ascania; the Knights Templar; the commandery in Tempelhof
The paper focuses on the relationships between the margraves of Brandenburg fromthe House of Ascania and the Knights Templar. The author presents four essential stages of theserelationships: occasional contacts, the conflict over the Transodrian estates, rapprochement andcollaboration.
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