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Fibula as Insignia in a Western-European Costume

Фибула как инсигния в западноевропейском костюме

Author(s): Natalia V. Zhilina / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Western Europe; Byzantium; fibula; insignia; function; brooch;decorativeness;

In Byzantium, brooches lost the meaning of insignia because of other regalia in development and of a rational design of clothing. But in Western Europe, the status role of large fibula remained during the developed Middle Ages. This is evidenced by all kinds of sources: written, graphic, material. Large, expensive, luxuriously ornamented brooches had the value of insignia.In preserving of the role of central brooches as status ones, one can see the striking feature of the ceremonial dress of the rulers and the higher social stratum of Western Europe. But here the brooches shared the fate of this jewelry category: they transit from the function of fastening to the decorative role and transmit their decorative form to large buttons.

Medieval Female Headpiece Found in the Republic of Moldova

Средневековый женский аксессуар головного убора из Республики Молдова

Author(s): Lilia V. Dergaciova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: medieval Moldova; 16th century; headpiece; pin for veil

In this article we discuss a fashionable piece worn by women in the Middle Ages, namely a silver pin for veil recently found in Stolniceni village, Republic of Moldova. The item consists of two parts, a long needle (pin) and a decorative flat head decorated with filigree, pseudo-granulation, colored by paste-like insertions and petal-shaped pendants. Analogues for such accessories are known from Furceni, Musaitu and Bălţaţi coin hoards, found on the territory of the medieval Moldovan state (actual Republic of Moldova and Romania). They allow us to date the item by the 16th century.Also, according to the material found in Stolniceni village, as well as other finds around it, allows us to conclude that a medieval settlement that functioned during 16th—19th century could have existed here.

On Using Jewellery Replicas during Reconstruction of the Historical Dresses

Об использовании украшений-реплик при реконструкции костюмных комплексов

Author(s): Natalia M. Kalashnikova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: archaeological reconstruction; historical reconstruction; ethnographic reconstruction; replica; Old Russian jewelry; Alyoshins’ workshop;Veliky Novgorod;

The author suggests using specific terms to distinguish reconstructed dresses of various epochs, for example: archaeological, historical, ethnographic reconstructions. Also, the author proposes to name any decoration added to reconstructed dress a replica, meaning a similar artifact made with the help of new technologies and, probably, using new materials and a different scale. The article analyzes articles produced by the Alyoshins’ workshop from Veliky Novgorod as a positive model.

Earrings Decorated with Hemstitched Spherical Pendants Found on the Territory of Romania, Moldavia and the Serbian Banat

Earrings Decorated with Hemstitched Spherical Pendants Found on the Territory of Romania, Moldavia and the Serbian Banat

Author(s): Silviu Oţa / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Carpathian-Danube region; 13th—16th cc.; earring; filigree; granulation; pendant; link; hoard; grave

The article discusses the structure of the earrings with hemstitched spherical pendants, decorated in the granulation and filigree technique, found on the territory of Romania, Moldavia and the Serbian Banat. In total, finds from 11 locations were analyzed (Cetăţeni-Poiana Târgului, Ilidia-Obliţa, Reşiţa-Ogăşele — necropolises; Buruieneşti, Şuşiţa, Braşov, Cotul Morii-Popricani, Olteni, Schinetea, Dubovac, Şaptebani, Cotnari — hoards). This decoration pattern is found on the circular link earrings, but also on the question mark shaped earrings (Ilidia-Obliţa, Braşov, Dubovac, Schinetea). Their chronology is mainly determined by the hoard coins. The items were also analyzed in terms of structure and decoration. From a chronological point of view, they were spread from the thirteenth century to the early sixteenth century. Their occurrence is typical for the communities south and east of the Carpathians, but also in the Banat or southern Transylvania, exactly in the same places where the Byzantine items or the items of Balkan tradition were in fashion during the previous centuries.

Ancient Russian Treasure Hoard from Novi Bezradychi of Kyiv Oblast

Древнерусский клад из с. Новые Безрадичи Киевской области

Author(s): Liudmila V. Strokova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Ancient Rus’; 11th—13th centuries; Tumoshch town; hoards; jewelry; torques; bracelets

The collection of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine contains a hoard found in the village of Novi Bezradychi (Kyiv oblast, Obukhiv region). The hoard was handed over to the Museum in 1988. Near the place where the hoard was found, in the village of Stari Bezradychi, there are ramparts of the Ancient Rus’ fort dated back to the 11th — 13th centuries and identified by the researchers as the Ancient Rus’ town of Tumoshch, which is mentioned in chronicles. To date, the hoard has not been introduced into scientific discussion. The hoard contains six items: twisted torques and twisted bracelets, as well as two unidentifiable fragments of décor. A feature of the hoard is the lack of locks and tips for the torques and bracelets; and this complicates the dating of that complex. The bracelets and torques fall within the turn of the 11th and the 12th centuries through the end of the 12th century, but the crinum-shaped ornaments on the decorative plate are characteristic of the second half of the 12th — the mid of the 13th century. Generally, this set of items can be dated to the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries through the second half of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century. The preservation of the hoard and the broken-off jewelry tips make it possible to consider the hoard as a stock of raw material for craftsman’s work and probably possessed by a jeweler. Burying of the hoard could well have been caused by the Polovtsian raids, as well as by seizing and plundering of Kyiv by the troops led by Andrey Bogolyubski in 1169, and also by the Tatar-Mongol invasion.

Precious Ornaments on Old Russian Icons: Evidence of Carved and Cast Images from the Thirteenth Century

Драгоценные украшения на древнерусских иконах по «свидетельству» резных и литых образков XIII века

Author(s): Irina A. Sterligova / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Old Russian icons; thirteenth century; precious ornaments; carved and cast images

The iconography of a number of small Old Russian icons from the first third of the thirteenth century, made of stone, clay or copper alloy, confirms the tradition, known from written sources, of votive ornaments in the form of gold and silver collars, both wound and sickle-shaped, on particularly venerated icons. The paper examines the sources of this tradition and the influence upon it of international contacts: similar ornaments on sacred images may be traced in Western Europe and among the Cumans. The miniature icons that have been discovered, which reproduce the form of the most venerated icons, supplement our idea of the religious art of Old Rus’, the canon of which was received from Byzantium, but was realised in an original manner, reflecting local realities and artistic tastes.

The Mystery of One Portrait: Maria Vladimirovna Staritskaya or Maria (Lupu) Radziwill?

Загадка одного портрета: Мария Владимировна Старицкая или Мария (Лупу) Радзивилл?

Author(s): Lilia Zabolotnaia / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Maria (Lupu) Radziwill; Maria Vladimirovna Staritskaya; 17th century; portrait; costume; Rosenborg; State Historical Museum (Moscow)

The main objective of this study is an attempt to identify one of the portraits of Maria (Lupu) Radziwill, lost more than 300 years ago. The original of the portrait was found by the author in 2019, in the Rosenborg Castle (Copenhagen, Denmark). A copy of the portrait is kept in the State Historical Museum (Moscow). Both in Rosenborg and in Moscow, until now, the portrait was considered a portrait of Maria Vladimirovna Staritskaya. The author, based on comparative and retrospective methods of historical research, in terms of chronology and typology compared already known, attributed images and systematized the data for constructing the arguments. The basis for the refutation of the existing attribution of the portrait was the mismatch of the costume of the depicted lady with the Russian style, era, etc. According to the author of the study, it is the costume of the portrait’s heroine that irrefutably indicates that this is not Maria Vladimirovna Staritskaya, but Maria (Lupu) Radziwill, since it reflects her national origin.

Pewter Jewelry in the Urban Jewelry Set in 12th—13th cc. (According to the Materials from Excavations in Tver)

Украшения из легкоплавких сплавов в городском ювелирном наборе XII—XIII вв. (по материалам из раскопок Твери)

Author(s): Irina A. Saprykina / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Old Russia; Tver; Medieval Age; jewelries; tin; imitations; style

The article adresses a series of pendants of tin and fusible alloy, found during excavations at the stadium “Khimik” (the Tver Kremlin) in 2013. Tin jewelry mainly belong to the urban jewelry collection, which finds analogies in hoards, concealed during the events of 1234—1238. Tin, in relation to the analyzed decorations, is a kind of a ‘simulacre’ of a high status precious metal (silver) and was used to manufacture overall pretty good ‘imitations’ of higher-status types of jewelry.

Metallurgical Furnaces on the Burial Mounds (discovery of the medieval metallurgy district in Pskov during excavations in 2016—2019)

Горны на курганах (открытие средневекового металлургического квартала в Пскове при раскопках 2016—2019 гг.)

Author(s): Elena V. Salmina,Sergey A. Salmin / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Medieval Rus; Pskov; metalworking; industrial district; metallurgical furnace; metallurgical hearth;jewelry;

The rescue archaeological excavations, held on the territory of the former thermal electric power plant in Pskov prior to its renovation, revealed a medieval “metallurgy quarters” which existed on this territory in the 13th—16th centuries beyond the fortification walls. The manufacturing center occurred on the site of the burial grounds of the 10th — first half of the 11th cc. thus having destroyed many burial mounds. It is indicative that the raw materials used by the local metallurgists contained a significant amount of fragmented and deformed jewelry, some of which may have highly likely come from the destroyed burials. To date, no clusters of industrial complexes that occupied such an area in the absence of residential development have been found on the territory of Medieval Pskov. The discovery of such a production quarter in Pskov allows us to revise both the history of urban development and the organization of production processes in one of the largest urban centers of North-Western Russia.

Some Features of the Use of Coins in Jewelry in the Middle Ages

Некоторые особенности использования монет в ювелирном искусстве в средние века

Author(s): Sergey N. Travkin / Language(s): Russian / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Eastern Europe; Dniester-Prut region; Middle Ages; coin; numismatics; money; religion; hoard; trade; jewelry

The article examines the use of coins in jewelry. The research focuses on two hoards from Bessarabiaand analyzes their composition and chronology. Both hoards include silver and billon coins. One of them consists of coins and jewelry. There is a chronological gap between the hoard coins. The time of formation and concealment date back to different periods. Coins from one hoard were probably used as raw materials for jewelry. The second one was used for making up treasures or for raw materials. Judging by the hoards, coins in Bessarabia quickly went out of circulation. This was probably due to the use of coins for making jewelry. The question of the use of Byzantine coins in Christian worship remains open.

Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Author(s): Florentina Niţu / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Wallachia; Moldavia; 17th—18th centuries; jewelleries consumption; luxury;fashion;

The study explores the evolution of jewellery consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, during the 17th—18th centuries, from the perspective of the luxury consumption at the level of the elite. The documents that were analysed highlight a transition from oriental luxury, introduced through Phanariot rulers to Western luxury, directly inspired by contact with travellers or foreign officers and ambassadors passing through the Principalities, but also indirectly through fashion magazines. On the other hand, we can see that jewellery is closely related to fashion and follows the trends and consumer options in connection to it. They mark the social or political position, but also the cultural values adopted by the elite, which are expressed through in fashion choices. There are jewels that are neutral in terms of western or oriental influence, just as belt clasp (paftale) are directly related to the oriental costume. After the middle of the eighteenth century, we notice a mutation in the dowry sheets regarding the relationship between jewellery and clothing, in favour of the latter; the typology of jewellery is limited, but we find valuable jewellery, adorned with diamonds or diamonds and, also, the number of some of the pieces increases (rings, for example).

Consumption in students’ life

Consumption in students’ life

Author(s): Monika Żak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Consumption is an inherent part of human life. However, not always the everyday activities related to fulfilling needs are identified with the concept of consumption. And yet every person is a consumer from birth. Consumer attitudes are shaped parallel to other behaviours that are part of primary socialisation. During secondary socialisation, certain modifications may be made, but the core is formed as early as during childhood. This chapter is focused on the place of consumption in the lives of the students from the Visegrad Group countries. The general assumptions of the theory of consumption and consumer behavior will be presented to provide a background for the analysis of the research results concerning the attitude of young people studying in the V4 countries towards consumption.

The Problem of Deformation of Portraits from the Collection of Lohoysk Tyszkiewicz Family as a Contribution to the Study of Old Polish Painting of the Late 18th Century

Problematyka deformacji portretów z kolekcji Tyszkiewiczów z Łohojska jako przyczynek do badań nad malarstwem staropolskim z końca XVIII wieku

Author(s): Anna Dorota Potocka,Aleksandra Rzeszutek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The collection of portraits of Tyszkiewicz family members of the end of the18th century from the National Museum in Warsaw is made up of several dozenpaintings, which as a result of different historical events have been subjectto specific atypical structural damage. The research carried out at the Facultyof Conservation and Restoration of Works of Art at the Academy of Fine Artsin Warsaw, involving the portraits of Michał Tyszkiewicz the Field Hetman ofthe Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Michał Tyszkiewicz the Starost of Strzałkowo,and Leo Tyszkiewicz the Castellan of Lublin was the basis for further researchconcerning Old Polish paintings from the territory of the former Lithuania,with particular consideration of the problem of atypical and unclear reasonsfor their deformation.The basic research problem of the project was to find the reasons for vastdamage of the portrait grounds, which made the surfaces of the pictures looklike a relief. Bulgings up to several milimeters, especially visible in the facesand clothes of the portrayed figures, greatly modified their character and gavethe images a unique form, different from the original. On the reverse, the respectivedeformations made the silhouettes of the painted figures concave.The discovery and identification of the cause of such vast deformationsof paintings have proved to be a very complex process. Thanks to the use ofa wide spectrum of tests, the obtained results have allowed the preliminaryidentification of the causes and a reliable evaluation of effects of the atypicalprocesses of aging of the picture matter.The research involved a number of microcrystaloscopic and other specialistanalyses of pigments and binders used in the artistic process, includingX-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and experiments usinga scanning electron microscope (SEM).In-depth analysis of the technique and technology of painting the picturesin the context of impact of secondary interventions on their present condition,supported with extensive archival search query and scientific research,have allowed to identify previously unexplained physical-chemical reasonsfor deformation.

Association of West Belarusian Artists in Białystok

ZWIĄZEK ARTYSTÓW ZACHODNIEJ BIAŁORUSI W BIAŁYMSTOKU

Author(s): Joanna Tomalska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Before WWII, Białystok was an industrial provincial town. Cultural lifewas not very advanced here; there were no art galleries or museums. Local exhibitionswere held in cafés, school halls or the garden pavilion, and the mostimportant and biggest ones, in the representative hall of the Branicki Palace.After Soviet invaders occupied the town in September 1939, the authorities usedlocal artists and those who came here from different parts of Poland in searchof shelter from war to make a great number of propaganda portraits of politicalleaders, banners and decorations for numerous state celebrations. For thepurpose of propaganda and in order to raise “a new, socialist member of thecommunity”, institutions were established in the town such as the Museum ofFine Arts, the House of Painters, and the House of Folk Arts. The Circuit Houseof Socialist Culture and the Białystok branch of the Association of West BelarusianArtists were also formed very soon. Being member of the organizationmade it possible to obtain e.g., profitable orders from the state, allotments ofgoods in short supply, and authorities’ favor. Today, the activity of the groupof Białystok artists in the years 1939–1941 is only known from press notes andtwo preserved catalogs from exhibitions in Brest and Moscow. Nothing has remainedfrom the works of art created in Białystok in that time; they have beendestroyed or translocated and we know nothing of their later history.

Lviv Collection of Theatre Sketches by Andrzej Pronaszko: the Problem of Attribution

Lwowska kolekcja szkiców teatralnych Andrzeja Pronaszki - problem atrybucji

Author(s): Alla Dmytrenko / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Border Imagery And Refugee Abjection In Contemporary Visual Art

Border Imagery And Refugee Abjection In Contemporary Visual Art

Author(s): Balca Arda / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: traditional media; information; public; global migration; new digital media technologies; social media; migrants; artistic terms; critical anthology; migration; art; migration; local cultures; gender;

This chapter examines the reflection of border imagery in various artistic productions related to refugeehood and theoretically analyzes its relation to abjection. The prominent role of border priority in its theories and practices on abjection makes contemporary art a decisive field of inquiry to conceptualize terms of artistic reconciliation and oppositional trends against otherization while popularization of isolationism prevails at global level. I contend that the contextualization of politics of pity versus politics of justice provides a better understanding on the potentiality of these artistic practices to reach anti-migrant sensibilities deriving from the notion of ableism for citizenship with specific criteria of “merit”. Ableism generically defines migrants as ‘harmful’ to the host national community’s “health”. Throughout this survey, I explore how difference produced through refugee abjection has been contested and whether such creative interventions address alternative belonging precepts. I question what kinds of representational projection can reconcile the conflicts of interests between various publics that constitutes the society, including host and incoming members.

Social Media And Ict Use By Refugees, Immigrants And Ngos: A Literature Overview

Social Media And Ict Use By Refugees, Immigrants And Ngos: A Literature Overview

Author(s): Bilgen Türkay / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Refugees; NGOs; social media; ICT; literature overview;

The ubiquity of social media and information communication technologies (ICT) has a tremendous impact on refugees and immigrants’ experiences (Cassar et al., 2016). Despite this potential impact, we know very little about the experiences of immigrants and refugees with these technologies. Furthermore, to have a complete understanding, we need to investigate how NGOs utilize ICTs and social media in their work with refugees and immigrants. This paper presents a literature overview on these topics to answer the following research questions: what are the main reasons refugees and immigrant use social media and ICT? What are the barriers that refugees encounter in using social media and ICT? How do NGOs use social media and ICT for helping refugees and immigrants? What are the barriers of using and social media and ICT by NGOs? We found that immigrants and refugees use ICT and social media for various reasons including communication, information seeking, content creation and sharing, entertainment and escaping, as well as for surviving. Among the barriers are low digital literacies, limited access to new technologies and refugees’ lack of trust in information resources. When it comes to NGOs reasons, we found for helping to reach vast amount refugees and immigrants, organizing aid campaigns, defending refugees or immigrants’ rights as well as recording the statistics of refugees, immigrants or aids. Finally, we found that the barriers NGOs face with ICT and social media use are receiving the trustable data from internet, fear of information sharing by vulnerable refugees and immigrants with NGOs and possibility of failure of the data systems NGO’s use.

Reproductıon Of Desıre: Overuse Of Socıal Medıa Among Syrıan Refugees And Its Effects On The Future Imagınatıon

Reproductıon Of Desıre: Overuse Of Socıal Medıa Among Syrıan Refugees And Its Effects On The Future Imagınatıon

Author(s): Barış Öktem / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Syrian refugees; social media; refugee camps; misperception; desire;

Social networking sites (SNSs), especially nowadays, have become an inevitable and essential component part of life (Schivinski & Dariusz, 2016). Even though there have been numerous researches and studies on the SNSs in relation to users’ tendencies and advertising, the use of social media in relation to effects of space and environment on the perception of users has been lacking in the literature. This paper offers a perspective to consider the interrelations between the use of SNSs among Syrian refugees with various purposes, such as navigating their migration routes and safety, and the refugee camps as a temporary habitat (Diken & Laustsen, 2002). While refugee camps do not provide enough spaces and activities for socializing and spending time, most Syrian refugees spend their time online by the use of social media platforms as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and WhatsApp. With long-term ethnographic fieldwork on the intense use of SNSs among Syrian refugees in the refugee camps in Turkey, Greece, and Germany created extensive data. The gathered data shows that being in a vulnerable position as a refugee and staying in a restricted and limited space motivates and encourages [Syrian] refugees to spend more time online. However, one of results of this research claims that seeking new places to migrate and settle in by overusing SNSs, at least 4-5 hours in a daytime, creates a desire and misperception regarding destinated places that become desired places (Deleuze and Guattari, 1983; 2013).

The role of school library in developing reading competencies of deaf students

Rola biblioteki szkolnej w rozwijaniu kompetencji czytelniczych uczniów niesłyszących

Author(s): Marta Deńca / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Shaping and developing reading competencies are among the most important tasks of teachers and educators who work with deaf students. School libraries play a special role in this regard. The intention of the author is to show the level of reading competencies of deaf primary-school and middle-school pupils, and to present measures undertaken by teachers-librarians in order to develop them. Therefore, in March 2014, a questionnaire survey was conducted in libraries at learning centres for deaf children in Poland. Teachers-librarians spoke about deaf students’ skills in the use of libraries, the search and selection of appropriate books, the use of the printed word, remembering content and the practical use of books. In addition, the study included issues related to a wider educational work of a school library, aimed to support the development of reading competencies of students. Based on the research material, conclusions have been drawn regarding the level of deaf students’ reading competencies and measures that should be taken by teachers-librarians in shaping and developing the above-mentioned skills in the specific group of readers, i.e.children with hearing loss.

A Wolf among Wolves* Kings, Outlaws, and Discourse in the Icelandic Sagas

A Wolf among Wolves* Kings, Outlaws, and Discourse in the Icelandic Sagas

Author(s): Marion Poilvez / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0