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Socio-analysis of Postponement (the Case of Z.)

Социоанализа на отлагането (Случаят З.)

Author(s): Dessislav Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

Keywords: socioanalysis; self-inheriting; postponement; negative investment; proximity

The article proposes a socioanalytical examination of a case of positional social suffering – that of Z. The introductory part presents the prerequisites for the analysis. Attention is paid to the situation of proximity by friendship between the analyzed and the analyzer by pointing out some of the methodological peculiarities resulting from it. The first part of the exposition presents the socioanalytical profile of Z. In it the concept of postponement – a characteristic feature of the case – is presented as a specific type of negative investment which blocks the ability of successful self-inheriting, leading to a particular affective dynamic, but not to a loss of the illusio. The second part looks at the structures of intersubjectivity, with an emphasis on communication during the sessions. It presents various aspects of Z’s syndrome and an attempt is made to understand them through a socioanalytical method which is distinguished from that of psychoanalysis. The conclusion gives a brief of observations on Z. made in the months following the completion of the sessions, along with reflections on their therapeutic effect.

Angels in America

Anioły Ameryki

Author(s): Dorota Sosnowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 160/2020

Keywords: Angels in America; normality; transition; political theater

The text is an analysis of the Polish premiere of Tony Kushner's drama Angels in America. The drama, staged in 1995 as Angels of America at the Wybrzeże Theatre in Gdańsk, directed by Wojciech Nowak, has not made it into the history of Polish political theatre. However, the testimonies of its reception today allow for a complex analysis of the entanglement of political theatre in the so-called political transition. With the help of the category of 'normality', I am trying to expose the meandering paths of emancipation in the Polish theatre of the 1990s - the time of transition.

Rousseau in the Literary-Economic Knot

Русо y чвору књижевног и економског

Author(s): Maja Solar / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 170/2020

Keywords: Rousseau;homme de lettres;French absolutism;salons;mondaine sociability;economy of protection;autonomy of the writer;fiction

This paper discusses Rousseau’s approach to the relationship between literature and economy. Since there was no literature or economy in the contemporary sense in the pre-revolutionary France of the 18th century, the links between the literary and the economic were less concealed. These fields were not strictly distinguished but made up a tight knot. Drawing upon the dialectical approach, I read Rousseau’s questioning of the literary-economic node on several levels: i.) the economic conditions of the literary practices in the context of French absolutism; ii.) the economic contents in literary works; iii.) the overlapping of the literary with economic forms, and iv.) the economy of literature that incites courage and calls for a change of the socio-economic reality.

Miklós Esterházy as Paterfamilias. Succession and Emotions in a Seventeenth-Century Aristocratic Dynasty and Stepfamily

Esterházy Miklós mint családfő: utódlás és érzelmek egy 17. századi arisztokrata dinasztiában és mozaikcsaládban

Author(s): Gabriella Erdélyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2019

Keywords: performing the patriarch; inheritance; stepfamily; half-siblings; family solidarity; step-sibling marriage

The study investigates the ways the performance of the responsibilities of an aristocratic ”anxious patriarch” modified in a stepfamily context. It focuses on the central concern of patriarchs to secure the continuity of the lineage by designating an heir and peacefully transmit the wealth and prestige to the next generation. By reading the testaments, family correspondence and the exceptional series of instructions to his eldest son, the case study shows what kind of strategies the stepfamily patriarch, Miklós Esterházy applied in order to maintain family concord and solidarity in the face of a latent rivalry between his half-sibling sons for the position of the family patriarch.

Kant and Rousseau. The Logic of Law versus the Logic of Participation, or Two Necessities

Kant i Rousseau. Logika prawa a logika uczestnictwa, czyli dwie konieczności

Author(s): Marcin Pańków / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 26/2020

Keywords: Immanuel Kant; Jean-Jacques Rousseau; social contract; rule of law; participation; liberalism; republicanism;

The aim of the article is to compare two concepts of the social contract – formulated by Immanuel Kant and Jean Jacques Rousseau respectively – in the context of their philosophical diagnoses regarding human nature, culture, politics and the historical dynamics of civilization. The author focusses on the essence of the impact Du contrat social has on Kant and the extent to which he manages to overcome the tension between the modern Republican idea – which he develops on this basis – and the tradition of classical liberalism, which he continues to follow. He considers Rousseau’s model with regard to the conflict between the democratic principle of people’s sovereignty and the Republican rule of law in discussions with Hegel, Arendt, Habermas and in reference to the French Revolution. Next, he conducts a critical analysis of the Kantian project of Rechtsstaat in light of its conceptual dependence on Rousseau – the founding of this project on the liberal tradition turns out to be problematic and burdened with ideological symptoms. Since Kant’s thought lies at the root of the modern concept of liberal rule of law, these symptoms show the limitations of Rechtsstaat resulting from its own normative assumptions.

Categorization and meaning of lexical units in language ontogenesis

Kategorizácia a význam lexikálnych jednotiek v ontogenéze reči

Author(s): Katarína Vužňáková / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: semantics;meaning of words;category;cognition;language acquisition;

The object of the paper is to examine the acquisition of the meaning of words, specifically the formation of language categorization by children aged three to six years, that is before entering school. The research is part of the grant project Implicit Language Skills of a Child of Younger School Age 1/0353/18, the aim of which is to describe pre-concepts of language skills of children at the beginning of younger school age. The paper deals with a description and results of qualitative research– piloting based on methods of observation and elicitation, which aims to monitor the semantic interpretation and categorization of selected lexical units through linguistic and non-linguistic activities on an available sample of Slovak-speaking preschool children. The pictorial method is used to collect data and cognitive linguistics approaches are basis for interpretation.

SHAPING AN ANTARCTIC IDENTITY IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE

SHAPING AN ANTARCTIC IDENTITY IN ARGENTINA AND CHILE

Author(s): Ignacio Javier Cardone / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2020

Keywords: strategic communication; strategic communications; Antarctica; Argentina; Chile; territorial claims;

Since the end of the 19th century, both Argentina and Chile have woven Antarctica—the white continent—into the conception of their national territories and identities, establishing a tradition that continues today. To understand the process through which these identities have been constructed, this article examines the strategic communications of the countries involved in the dispute over territories south of 60° south latitude. Early negotiations were incidental and reactive, but as the situation evolved internationally the two South American countries became entangled in their strategies to incorporate portions of Antarctica into their national territories, employing diplomatic interchange, symbolic actions, and the projection of an Antarctic identity by means of public discourse, educational curriculum, and maps. Furthermore, they promoted the idea of an ‘American Antarctica’ as a way of linking Antarctica with the South American continent in an effort to obtain international recognition for their territorial claims. Both countries were successful in instilling a domestic ‘national Antarctic consciousness’, but failed to gather international support. Although their strategic communications regarding Antarctica were successful in terms of the original objective of integrating the idea into their respective national identities, resorting to territoriality seems to have limited their ability to adapt to new conditions, such as those established by the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.

Virtualization of Live Artistic Performance in Post – Covid-19 Culture

Virtualizacija žive umjetničke izvedbe u post – Covid-19 kulturi

Author(s): Leo Katunarić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 18/2021

Keywords: digital culture; virtualization; communication; artistic performance; Covid-19

Digital culture realizes itself by social leaps, not following the linear flow of technology development. The change of the global cultural paradigm is accepted immediately and without reservations, both in the cases of the first two jumps (y2k millennial bug and web2.0), as in the third post-covid-19. Live communication, like other common aspects of human live performance, is becoming virtualized. The process is developed and maintained using patterns of traditional live artistic performance, known from theater dramaturgy and performance. Such patterns have been incorporated into digital communication technology before. The position of the human performing body in new circumstances becomes the subject of interest of machine civilization. The battle of people to maintain identity is led by performance in Post-covid-19 discourse as well, similar to the battles historically fought with super-systems of power.

The Dangerous Individual

Opasna individua

Author(s): Michel Foucault / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 13/2000

STUDYING ISLAM IN THE WORK OF WILFRED CANTWELL SMITH: FROM SOCIAL ANALYSIS TO PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION

PROUČAVANJE ISLAMA U DJELU WILFREDA CANTWELLA SMITHA: OD SOCIJALNE ANALIZE DO FILOZOFIJE RELIGIJE

Author(s): Samedin Kadić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 21/2017

Keywords: Islam; modernity; history; religion; faith; belief; cumulative tradition;

This work reviews the developing approach to Islam in the work of Wilfred Cantwell Smith (1916-2000), a historian of religion and specialist in Islam. In his early work, Smith studied Islam in India from an avowedly Socialist perspective. As his work matured and he found himself researching the position of Muslims under conditions of sweeping modern social change, however, he came to identify the distinguishing feature of that position as their unique concept of a history of Islam for which history was not just a test, but a confirmation of each individual belief. His last and most mature works are remarkable for their anti-essentialist take on religion. During this phase, he advocated dialogue between the great religious traditions, while at the same time distinguishing sharply between the layers of meaning attributed to the term “religion” in contemporary discourse. The first and most important layer is “faith” as personal experience of the sacred, followed by “belief” as intellectual formation of the subjective quality of faith, and finally “cumulative tradition” as the totality of all the material and symbolic elements linked to a given religious tradition.

Production of a common cultural heritage: Kula Nebojša. Belgrade New symbols in the medieval tower

PROIZVODNJA ZAJEDNIČKOG KULTURNOG NASLEĐA: KULA NEBOJŠA. BEOGRAD - NOVI SIMBOLI U SREDNJOVEKOVNOJ KULI

Author(s): Ivana Lučić-Todosić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: Nebojša Tower; function; symbol; heterotopia; Belgrade Fortress; anthropology of heritage

In this paper I wanted to record some started and unfinished processes, actors, perspectives and problems that I encountered in the work on the project “Conservation, Restoration and Revitalization of the Nebojsa Tower in the Old City of Belgrade”. As the project was realized in the area of the Belgrade fortress, which has the status of a protected cultural property of great importance for the Republic of Serbia, all the actions have been carried out deliberately, in a series of steps, in cooperation with numerous institutions and individuals from different professions, with due regard to the recommendations of the Venice Commission. As a basis for reflection on the topic “Production of a Common Cultural Heritage: Nebojsa Tower. Belgrade – New Symbols in the Medieval Tower “, was a presentation that I held at a gathering in Athens in November 2012, on which I presenting the project to the Greek professional public, then the personal memory and the social and political context in which the project was being implemented. The work is a reflection of self-reflection and a lived experience and „hindsight” the circumstances and power relations of social actors, an ethnologist – researchers. The paper discusses the conditions and effects of the work on the monumental heritage, changing functions and symbols of cultural property Nebojsa Tower and production process of new symbols and meanings that the tower became a stage and inspiration.

New Materialism as an Ideology of Post-modernity: A Critical Look

Nowy materializm jako ideologia postponowoczesności. Spojrzenie krytyczne

Author(s): Arkadiusz Barut / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2019

Keywords: new materialism; actor-network theory, Spinozianism; Bruno Latour; Karen Barad; Elisabeth Grosz; Rosi Braidotti

The concept of new materialism is understood as the direction of political thought, whose main assumptions are the idea of matter regarded as an independent causative agent, and consequently the postulate of political and legal ‘empowerment’ of non-human beings – animals, plants, parts of inanimate nature, as well as relations, ideas and actions. New materialism appears at the same time as the doctrinal culmination of postmodernism and a post-modernism ideology: contemporary political discourse includes more and more slogans referring to new materialistic ideas: the postulate of environmental protection is considered compatible with the acceptance of the meaning of technology. Both ideas are to justify moving away from recognizing the rights of a human individual as the basic method of legitimisation. The author analyses the new-materialist concept of matter as a structure intended to serve political purposes, indicates the ideological function of this category, i.e. the justification of using the slogans of political identity resulting from material factors (race, sex, etc.) and a departure from the paradigm of an individual as a human rights subject. He concludes that new materialism is, at least potentially, not only an ideological programme of further political and cultural changes, but also an ideology of a supranational political structure, departing from the idea of a welfare state, giving up the appearance of political empowerment of citizens and promoting the political and cultural particularisation of the ruled as a condition of its power.

LOUIS ALTHUSSER: IDEOLOGY, STATE APPARATUSES, AND ITS CRITIQUE

LOUIS ALTHUSSER: İDEOLOJİ, DEVLET AYGITLARI VE ELEŞTİRİSİ

Author(s): Erol SUBAŞİ / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2021

Keywords: Louis Althusser; Ideology, State; Ideological State Apparatuses; Political Sociology;

French philosopher Louis Althusser (1918-1990) has been one of the most influential figures in Marxist theory in the postwar period. The aim of this study is to provide a critical analysis of Althusser’s understanding of State apparatuses and ideology. The problematic is the theoretical possibilities and limitations offered by the Althusserian concepts of ideology and state apparatus conception in the field of state theory. The main argument is that although Althusser has made a significant contribution in the sense that he goes beyond the classical Marxist theoretical approach, considering capitalist state as a repressive institutional core, the analytical framework he draws, suffers from problems caused by structural-functionalism, instrumentalism, and the negative image of the state, as it does not take into account the dynamic and strategic-causal effects of social struggles. The study positions itself within a critical social science methodology that feeds on critical realism and relational Marxism. Moreover, the study adopted a qualitative assessment method based on theoretical discussion conducted over the primary texts written by Althusser on the subject and secondary texts written about him. However, the study did not engage in a complete discussion of Althusser’s intellectual corpus nor a general discussion of the Marxist theory of the state, but rather limited itself to critically following Althusser’s intellectual trajectory on the subject.

GAZE, SOUND AND CINEMATOGRAPHY AS THE ARCHITECT OF ALLEGORY, EXAMPLE OF “MALENA”

ALEGORİNİN MİMARI OLARAK BAKIŞ, SES VE SİNEMATOGRAFİ: “MALENA” ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Aydın Ketenağ / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 71/2020

Keywords: allegory; gaze; Malena; cinematography; Italy; sound;

Allegorical structure expands the meaning universe of a movie. Exploring the elements indicating allegorical structure is the only way to define this new form of a meaning universe. If one can define the two-sided relationship between allegorical structure and these elements, the allegorical structure in the movie will become clear and the movie will be open to allegorical reading. In the present study, elements such as color, frame, sound, and character view in the movie Malena were considered as dynamic tools. The allegorical structure in the movie was analyzed by explaining the relationships between these dynamic tools. The code-based structure in a movie is based on these relationships and all the dramaturgy takes place in this universe. The present study investigates the whole process and reveals the movie's analyzable structure by giving examples from the movie itself as well as investigating the process of building allegory as a dramaturgical element.

SOCIAL GENDER IN THE STORIES OF SÂMİHA AYVERDİ

SÂMİHA AYVERDİ’NİN HİKÂYELERİNDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET

Author(s): Yavuz Sinan Ulu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 70/2021

Keywords: Sâmiha Ayverdi; Story; Social Gender;

The concept of social gender is a set of stereotypes that society expects from men and women, shaped in line with the physiology of men and women, living conditions, political, social, cultural and economic developments. In the historical process, the dominance of the patriarchal structure in the society causes social gender roles to limit women more than men and to position women according to men. Sâmiha Ayverdi (1905-1993), who made a name for herself in Turkish literature with her novels, takes her place in Turkish storytelling with thirty-six stories in her book called Mâbedde Bir Gece, published in 1940. While the stories are shaped around the main themes of love, meaning and search, there are traces of the reflections of social gender perception on men and women in many stories. These traces often guide the attitudes and behaviors of the people in the story against various events. While the roles of femininity and masculinity shaped by the society in the stories sometimes create conflict with the individual's inner world and conditions and drag the individual into an impasse, sometimes they commodify the individual by reducing the individual to the body with a utilitarian understanding. In this study, the reflections of the concept of social gender in Sâmiha Ayverdi's stories will be examined in the context of the institution of marriage, body and masculinity.

Behaving, Mattering, and Habits Called Aesthetics - Part 2: Theoretical Cays of Phenomenologically Making-Sense

Behaving, Mattering, and Habits Called Aesthetics - Part 2: Theoretical Cays of Phenomenologically Making-Sense

Author(s): Adrian Mróz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Keywords: Aesthetics; behavior matters; behaviorism; phenomenology; Music; pharmacology;

Four cays are presented. The first is titled “behavior matters.” It consists of a composition of ideas from a discipline of behaviorism that relate with how behavior is material and how its meaning is actively practiced. Methodological behaviorism views its object of study as external, mechanistic, and separated from an esprit, which can be understood as a characteristic (ethos) or style of habitually behaving and growing exosomatically. Through habits, behaviors have their own material agency and forces of self-replication or selection. The second cay is titled “Oh Behave! The doings of habit or making bodies of art,” which is an account of the problem of sensibility and feeling (aesthetics) in relation to behavior. Phenomenological aspects of habitual retention are raised. This situates behavior as a phenomenon that does not exist, but rather consists with exorganogenesis, which is the production of artificial objects that resist utility or reductions to fixed employment. So, all art is an axiomatic product of behavior. The next cay is named “On the Material Habits Constitutive of Music, Caripulation, and Memory.”

Possible worlds, fictional worlds, constructed worlds and the process of genesis

Światy możliwe, światy fikcyjne, światy skonstruowane a proces genezy

Author(s): Daniel Ferrer / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2020

Keywords: genetic criticism; logic;

Krytyka genetyczna nie może pomijać ekstensjonalnego wymiaru genezy. Wiele korzyści mogłaby jej przynieść idea świata, bez wątpienia bardziej przydatna niż pojęcie diegesis, ponieważ pozwoliłoby to zrozumieć wielość światów ustanowionych. Przyjmując rozróżnienie światów tekstowych i światów fikcyjnych, możemy się wesprzeć logiką światów możliwych, aby spróbować wyjaśnić status światów, zarazem prawdziwych i wirtualnych, stworzonych w genezie, oraz aby zdefiniować reguły dostępności, które kierują relacjami między tymi światami.

Between minimalism and melodrama. Film space in the Romanian New Wave cinema

Między minimalizmem a melodramatem. Przestrzeń filmowa w kinie rumuńskiej nowej fali

Author(s): Adam Domalewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 36/2020

Keywords: Romanian cinema; communism and motion pictures; motion pictures – semiotics; motion pictures – political aspects;

The starting point for considering the means of creating and designing a film space in Romanian New Wave cinema is the thesis that Romanian film art in the 21st century is an artistic response to the times of communism and that images of the post-socialist architectural space – their multi-faceted functionalization in film mise-en-scéne – are the key method of evoking memories of the past. The article discusses, via the example of movies by Crisitian Mungiu, Corneliu Porumboiu and Cristi Puiu, (1) ways of depicting the “closing” of film characters in the cramped interiors of their apartments and (2) film images of individuals’ alienation in public spaces, both of them allusively referring to the times of the oppressive Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. The most important cinematographic devices used by the authors of the Romanian New Wave cinema include: seemingly static shots, which, however, are filmed with a camera that is constantly gently moving and observing, and tableau shots. A common feature of all the considered works is the panopticism of the film world: the private and public spaces designed in them easily become a place of constant, panoptical observation. In the summary, the author remarks on and briefly discusses the coexistence of the aesthetics of minimalism / realism with the melodramatic elements in the cinematic structure of Romanian New Wave films.

The Vestal Virgins’ Socio-political Role and the Narrative of Roma Aeterna

The Vestal Virgins’ Socio-political Role and the Narrative of Roma Aeterna

Author(s): Karolina Wyrwińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Keywords: Vesta; vestals; priesthood; priestesses; rituals;

Roman women – priestesses, patrician women, mysterious guardians of the sacred flame of goddess Vesta, admired and respected, sometimes blamed for misfortune of the Eternal City. Vestals identified with the eternity of Rome, the priestesses having a specific, unavailable to other women power. That power gained at the moment of a ritual capture (captio) and responsibilities and privileges resulted from it are the subject matter of this paper. The special attention is paid to the importance of Vestals for Rome and Romans in various historic moments, and to the purifying rituals performed by Vestals on behalf of the Roman state’s fortune. The study presents probable dating and possible causes of the end of the College of the Vestals in Rome.

Stoicism and gentleness in Marcus Aurelius’ view

Stoicism și blândețe în viziunea lui Marcus Aurelius

Author(s): Ana Bazac / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 3/2021

Keywords: Marcus Aurelius; gentleness; body–mind relation; death; good life; moral choice; stoicism;

This paper attempts to understand the concept of gentleness within the framework of a philosophical pursuit, and therefore relates the presence of this concept in Marcus Aurelius to his Stoic representations of ontology, of the relations between body and soul/mind, and the functions that the last one has in the process of achieving a good life. The moral goals, requirements and conditions involve the persistent form of gentleness, and this is how we can emphasize the particularities of Marcus Aurelius’ standpoint within the frame of Stoicism itself, and also in relation to Plato and to other ancient philosophers, or to Christian thought. The aim of this paper is, however, not only a “technical” or a merely analytical one, but rather an ethical one.