Keywords: cognitive polysemy;limitations of polysemous communication;communication in politics;polysemy and sender’s credibility;polysemy and sender’s competences
The article presents the results of an empirical experimental study into the functional aspects of polysemous communication in politics. The analyses of the results have led to the following conclusions in terms of the functional limitations of the application of polysemy in communication (from the point of view of the evaluation of a sender of a polysemous message): a message with a stronger polysemous markedness generated a higher agreement with the sender among respondents,the sender of a more polysemous message was evaluated as more credible, the level of polysemous markedness of a message was irrelevant for the evaluation of the competences of its sender, both for the evaluation of the agreement with the sender, and her/his credibility and competences, the level of the receivers’ awareness in terms of the message’s polysemy was irrelevant; however, the influence of credibility and the evaluation of competences on the agreement with the sender was significant.
More...Keywords: cultural comparative studies; linguistic borrowings; communication space
The article concerns the borrowings from the Russian and Polish languages which can be observed in contemporary public discourse between Russians and Poles. The question about the role that these units play in communication space is crucial. The conducted observations indicate that the adapting of foreign cultural values for communication is not random. The collected material allows the conclusion that Russian and Polish borrowings used in social space serve communicating particular intentions and realizations of specific communicative goals. It is significant from the point of view of cultural comparative studies that the Polish-Russian relations are asymmetric from this aspect.
More...Keywords: Irena Tuwim; literatura łódzka w XX wieku
Poszukiwanie debiutu Ireny Tuwim nie należy do rzeczy łatwych. Jej pierwsze utwory, pisane w wieku młodzieńczym publikowane były na łamach prasy łódzkiej, często pod pseudonimami, nadanymi przez jej brata, Juliana, który w tajemnicy przed siostrą zanosił jej wiersze do zaprzyjaźnionych redakcji. W świetle dzisiejszej wiedzy za najwcześniej opublikowane wiersze poetki należy uznać utwory „Przy kominku” oraz „Szczęście” zamieszczone w pierwszej połowie 1914 r. na łamach jednodniówki literackiej „Życie Łódzkie” pod red. A. Nullusa, współtworzonej przez J. Tuwima. Wspomniane wiersze zostały podpisane pseudonimem „Ira Blanka”. Ponadto wierze zostały opatrzone przypisem, z którego wynikało, że ich autorka miała 15 lat a wiersze zostały opublikowane bez jej wiedzy.
More...The article “LOOK WITH THINE EARS”: THE DEPRECATION OF OCULARCENTRIC CULTURE IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S KING LEAR by Javad Khorsandi and Bahee Hadaegh has been withdrawn and confirmed by the authors and the publisher. 24.07.2023
More...Keywords: Carolus Clusius; metals; fossils; mining; mineralogy; geology; palaeontology; respublica litteraria; humanism; Early Modern medicine; medicinal earth
Carolus Clusius (Charles de l’Écluse, 1526–1609), one of the most renowned naturalists of sixteenth-century Europe, was a versatile man of letters. One of his fields of interest neglected in scholarship is his attitude and activities around what was called fossilia at that time, and what can today be called non-living naturalia: metals, gems, various strange “stones”, fossils or medicinal earths. Such naturalia appear several times in his correspondence. This two-part study reviews how Clusius took part in the collecting, exchange and discussions about these inorganic objects in the European respublica litteraria. He could even be involved in geological or palaeontological issues of his age. The investigation not only throws light on the activities of Clusius and some of his correspondents, but also taps into the broader topic of communication and exchange in the Literary Republic of the time, and may even contribute to the history of the natural sciences in the period. Some of the non-living naturalia Clusius was interested in (like “Saint Ladislaus's coin” or the medicinal earth of Tokaj) could be found in Hungary and he looked for them by way of friends in that region (it is known that one of his most important patrons was the Hungarian aristocrat Boldizsár Batthyány). For reasons of space, the present study has been published in two parts: Sections 1–3 appeared in the previous issue, while Sections 4–7 are published in this one. A map to the entire study is included at the end of the present part.
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