Семантика глаголов «есть» и «пить» в турецком языке
Semantics of the verbs “eat” and “drink” in Turkish

Summary/Abstract: Lexicological studies are designed to reveal as much as all possible information about the compatibility and semantic features of object names of various kinds, hidden in the subconscious of native speakers and necessary for the correct construction of statements, which is a condition for an adequate mutual understanding of communicants. In modern Turkish society, the attitude concerning food in general can be described as cultic. Ye- ‘eat’ and iç- ‘drink’ are used without an object, in combination with the object name, with or without an accusative ending, or with an ablative ending if the action is directed not at the entire object as a whole, but at a part of it. Ye- is combined with the names of food, the consumption of which involves chewing, and requires mandatory filling in the semantic valence of the object of action. İç- used for liquids, soup, medicines and tobacco products. The usage of the verb “drink” in relation to smoking is usually associated with a pleasant tasting experience. Both verbs are used on their own and as parts of the intransitive compound verbs yemek ye- ‘eat, take food’ and içki iç- ‘drink alcohol’, which differ in the degree of lexicalization and, unlike the simple verbs ye- and iç-, focus the effect of the action on the agent. The metaphorization of ye- developed in two main ways: on the basis of the idea of “eating” as violence and destruction peculiar to the Turkic languages, as well as on the basis of tracing translation of Persian expressions. The metaphorization of the pleasant or unpleasant taste of food does not possess any systematic characterization. Iç- not subjected to metaphorization.

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