НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РУССКОЙ ЖИЗНИ XIX В.)
ON THE PROBLEMS OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY (BASED ON LIFE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY RUSSIA)

Summary/Abstract: Classifying the phenomena of culture we distinguish between the antinomy of consolidation and deterioration. Long existence of consolidating culture leads to the strengthening of semiotics, whereas the deteriorating culture turns the society back to the natural state. This alternation can be realized in two ways: in a positive way, where the former culture is replaced by a new one, or in a negative way by means of the destruction of forms of the former culture. Russian occidentalism in the middle of the nineteenth century is an example of deterioration. It should be noted, however, that various representatives of this movement emphasized either the positive or the negative variant of the alternation, which resulted in entirely different presentation of culture. Slavophils were inclined to introduce positive changes of the culture of that time without any alternations of its forms. For this reason their principals had a specific character. Being against semiotics in some domains, they stil preserved it in rituals and clothing. Therefore, slavophilism propagated some single outline of culture, but on the other hand, although in principle opposed to occidentalism , was in a sense connected with this movement.

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