THE SOVIET STATE’S DIRECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATION IN ROMANIA (1948-1970) Cover Image

THE SOVIET STATE’S DIRECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATION IN ROMANIA (1948-1970)
THE SOVIET STATE’S DIRECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION IN EDUCATION IN ROMANIA (1948-1970)

Author(s): Czinka Gheorghe Ovidiu
Subject(s): Education, Political history, Social history, Nationalism Studies, WW II and following years (1940 - 1949), Post-War period (1950 - 1989), History of Communism
Published by: Editura Arhipelag XXI
Keywords: education; ideology; nationalization; communism; school;

Summary/Abstract: After the end of the Second World War, in the countries under the Stalinist occupation it began the process of revitalizing the economy and the social life, following the Soviet model. Communism took different forms in the Eastern European countries, at the end of the Second World War. But all these countries, at some point in their evolution, faced a tough choice and that is to choose between an economical development and continuing the strict political control of the society and its institutions. In the first years after the Second World War, in the countries with popular democracy, the education system underwent some radical, structural transformations. The general features of the education system in all the states with popular democracy are the following: The Nationalization of the education. Private education was dissolved, all the structure, management and direction of the education system and schools, was passed under the property of the state. This measure had as a consequence: on one hand, winding up the influence of specific groups (either persons or local, clerical institutions, educational associations) which owned schools and exerted in this way different reactionary influences over the youth. On the other hand, it was the achievement of the unitary education. The 19th congress of the PCUS from 1952 represented through its directives, a decisive moment in developing the soviet school in Russia and its satellite states. It was then that it was decided the generalization of the secondary education in the next 10 years. In the course of the first 5 years the secondary education would be generalized in the big urban and industrial centers. In December 1958 the Supreme Soviet leader of the USSR adopted the law regarding the strengthening the relationship between school and life, along with the development of the public educational system in USSR. Regarding the education's policy, the Marxist-Leninist ideology would be applied in all school environments along the Russian satellite states. The Marxist ideology ‒ the base of the entire educational system, had a realistic and scientific character, and in order to ensure it the school was separated from the church, becoming secular. In communist countries, under the direct guidance of communist and labor parties, the development of the education is accomplished according to plans, as an integrated part of the whole process of building the socialism.

  • Issue Year: 2018
  • Issue No: 13
  • Page Range: 908-915
  • Page Count: 8
  • Language: Romanian