КРИМИНОЛОШКИ ЗНАЧАЈ БИО-ПСИХО-СОЦИЈАЛНИХ ПРОМЕНА У ДЕТИЊСТВУ И МЛАДОСТИ
CRIMINOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL CHANGES IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

Summary/Abstract: From the moment of birth, a child starts developing its personality under the influence of certain socio-cultural circumstances. As children cannot choose the historical setting, social or family background to be born to and to grow up in, children are believed to be faced with the "universal birth-risk syndrome" from their birth. Parental devotion, affection and warmth will help the child's maturing process by eliminating the patterns of hostility, rebellion and distrust towards the parents, as well as child's resistance towards its own development. The origins of asociality, and even delinquency, may be found in the earliest childhood. Emotional distress and anxiety caused by hostile or unfavourable family living conditions affect the child's personality. Unsound attitudes, shaped in the first couple of years of child's life, are seldom to be completely uprooted later on, and their impact can be traced all the way to adulthood. Embarrassment and shame, fear of mistakes or failure, and pangs of conscience are but a few different feelings demonstrated throughout child's development, which impact the process of child's social integration and independence. During puberty, a struggle to free oneself of parental dependence reaches its most prominent phase. Adolescence is the most sensitive and vulnerable period of emotional growth and maturity. Psychological literature often highlights the importance of parent education because it is the parents' appropriate attitude and approach to the child's upbringing that could prevent the development of adolescent crises and juvenile delinquency, as a separate form of unsuccessful adaptation of adolescents. A large number of criminal offenders started demonstrating antisocial behavior in the pre- adolescence period. In the pre-puberty period of development, physical and psychological characteristics of a child influence the development of deviant behavior (juvenile delinquency, youth gangs, suicide). In comparison to the malshaped attitudes, many forms of the so-called "problem behaviour" are perceived as adequate child behaviour considering the age when they commonly appear. Insufficient understanding of the typical behaviour of an ordinary child at different age creates misunderstandings and disputes between the children and the parents. However, some forms of "problem behavior" are not to be ignored in hope that a child will eventually get out of it, overcome the problem alone, and spontaneously enter the next stage of development. Despite the fact that the period from childbirth to the age of 18 is full of temptations, the child demonstrating a personality disorder (on a smaller or a larger scale) is - in the adulthood period - most likely to either retain or further develop these hindering disturbances which are always to get in the way. To that end, research results have revealed that additional studies of adults who had an "asocial childhood" point to the significant differences in their personalities as compared to the people whose childhood was void of asocial behaviour.

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