Exodus z Syrii. Migranci i uchodźcy z Bliskiego Wschodu
THE EXODUS FROM SYRIA. MIGRANTS AND REFUGEES FROM THE MIDDLE EAST

Summary/Abstract: In the wake of the ongoing war in Syria and destabilization in Iraq, in 2015, theEU witnessed an unprecedented influx of migrants from those two countries as wellas the broader region. Syrians and Iraqis were the two biggest national groups fromthe Middle East applying for asylum in Europe. Migration from these two countriesis also the core topic of the article, which assesses the reasons, scale and routes ofmigration from the Middle East. Syrians had initially sought refuge from the warpredominantly in neighbouring countries – as of the end of 2015, of some 4.5 millionrefugees, most were in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. Turkey, hosting the mostSyrian refugees, is also the main source of onward migration, due to language andsocial differences, which are not as pronounced in Lebanon or Jordan. The Arabstates of the Persian Gulf, in turn, were never a major destination for migrants from Syria and Iraq – the author devotes a subchapter to these countries’ migration policiesand their response to the refugee crisis in the Middle East. Apart from providinga general overview of the migration flows to Europe from the Middle East, andof the European response to it, the article draws a profile of the Syrian refugee, oftenparticular and different from other Middle Eastern ethnicities.

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