Koncepcja afektywnych typów temperamentu Hagopa Sourena Akiskala
The concept of affective temperaments by hagop souren akiskal

Summary/Abstract: In the article, a description of affective temperaments concept, assessed by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) is presented. The main author of this concept is an American psychiatrist, Hagop Souren Akiskal. His inspiration were concepts of German psychiatrists, Emil Kraepelin and Ernst Kretchmer, originated in the first decades of 20th century. The characterisation of five types of affective temperaments: depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious was made. The Akiskal’s seven-stage classification of bipolar disorders is presented, based on the observations of patiens with depression and bipolar affective illness, where a significant element is the patient’s type of temperament. This type is perceived as a continuum, ranging from subthreshols affective traits at one pole and to schizoaffective disorders at the other. The TEMPS-A questionnaire has been translated into more than 30 languages and has been validated in many countries, including Poland. The article presents research results carried out by the TEMPS A in psychiatric and somatic disorders and healthy population, as well as preliminary results of the molecular-genetic studies, with particular emphasis on the research done in Poland.

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