Gospodarka czy środowisko? Zrównoważenie z punktu widzenia ekonomii politycznej
Economy or Environment? Sustainability from a Political Economy Perspective

Summary/Abstract: The phenomenon of the greenhouse effect has been known since the mid-19th century. One hundred years later, the environmen-tal threats were addressed by economists such as, among others, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, Kenneth E. Boulding and René Passet.Subsequent decades have shown that the pressures of economic systems on the environment are increasing and that certain processescan no longer be reversed. This article is an overview and identifies the most important challenges for environmental sustainability,presents the theoretical framework of sustainability in economics as well as the latest research in the field. Charting the way for-ward, both in terms of monitoring the state of the environment using the sustainability indicators I have discussed, and in termsof reducing the impact of the economy on the environment, based on the ecological and political economy frameworks, I proposea move towards a new socio-metabolic regime of sustainable degrowth, which I briefly outline in the last section of the article.

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