Moğol İstilası Sürecinde Anadolu’ya Göçen Kübrevî Şeyhi Necmü’d-Dîn-i Dâye’nin Mirsâdü’l-ʿibâd’ında Politika, Yönetim ve Toplum Eleştirileri
Political, Administrative and Social Criticism in the Merṣād Al-ʿebād of the Kubrāvī Shaykh Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya, Who Migrated to Anadolu During the Mongol Invasion

Summary/Abstract: Abū Bakr Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Shāhāwar al-Asadī al-Rāzī (d. 1256), a Kubrāvī Shaykh and commentator, traveled to Egypt, Ḥid̲j̲āz, and Bag̲h̲dād for his education and became acquainted with sufism in the last of these places. He continued his Sufism journey in the regions of Khurāsān and K̲h̲wārazm. Due to the Mongol invasion, Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya returned to Rey, moved to Hamad̲h̲ān when that area was under threat, and then emigrated to Anatolia. After residing in Anatolia for many years in cities such as Diyārbakr, Malatya, Ḳayṣariyya, Sivas, Konya and Erzincan, he left Anatolia to go to other Islamic countries. Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya stayed in the important centers of the medieval Islamic world, where he interacted with prominent figures and made political, administrative and social observations. Merṣād al-ʿebād is a famous and influential sufi work written in Persian by Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya. The author completed the first writing of his work in Ḳayṣariyya in 1221, and the second writing in Sivas in 1223. He presented the mentioned work to ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kaykubād, the sultan of Seljūḳs of Türkiye. The work consists of an introduction and five chapters. Although Merṣād al-ʿebād has a sufi character, it is also considered within mirrors of prince because of the topics in its fifth chapter. The importance and value of religious-sufi works, which contain original information about the period in which they were written, as a source for medieval history studies is well known. Merṣād al-ʿebād is also a valuable source on the administrative, religious, and social situation in 13th century Islamic world and Anadolu. In this paper, political, administrative and social criticisms in Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya’s Merṣād al-ʿebād are going to be examined under the headings of criticisms against the Mongols, criticisms against philosophers, social criticisms, criticisms against rulers, and criticisms against officials.

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