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Česko se ani v těchto letech, kdy se na místo ve školce stojí fronty, není schopné v prorodinné politice inspirovat u svého nejbližšího souseda, v Německu. Zde se vláda kancléřky Angely Merkel zavázala, že do roku 2013 bude mít každé dítě po dovršení prvního roku právo na místo ve školce. A tento slib je už viditelný i v realitě - v obcích se staví školky, nabírá se personál. U nás je zodpovědnost za péči o děti zcela ponechána v rukou matek, které nemají ani zákonnou možnost pomoci si samy. Místo otevřeného prostoru jsou válcovány hygienickými nařízeními nutnými pro zřízení zařízení péče o děti, firemní školy je nutné hledat lupou a něco v Německu tak běžného jako institut Tagesmutter, denních matek, je stále v nedohlednu.
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The article´s goal is to show some main problems in front of the social care system in Bulgaria, using empirical survey among social services management personal. On that basis, are outlined some risk factors for the quality of management of Bulgarian social services. This conclusion is compared with content analysis of the sector strategies for the Bulgarian districts and current legislation in the sector. The paper shows which management problems do not find solutions in the regional strategies and defines them as a risk for social service system sustainability.
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This chapter aims at reviewing some of the most important developments in feminist research on the welfare state. The first section outlines the core of the debate between the feminists and mainstream literature, often centred on the critique of Esping-Andersen’s Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, the second one presents some alternative typologies developed for gender-centred comparative analyses of welfare states. Thirdly, I will review this scholarship in the light of the developments in Central and Eastern Europe. The fourth section briefly touches upon thechallenges for current feminist debates, especially with regard to the politics of the welfare state, strategic dilemmas and varieties of feminist standpoints.
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The aim of this paper is to present a changing nature of the Polish labour market in and after 1990s, employment and unemployment level and structure in Poland post-1990, labour market policy in Poland, assurance of social security to the unemployed issue, activation of the unemployed issue.
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This chapter assesses whether national law, policies and practice in the field of unaccompanied asylum seekers are in compliance with international conventions including the UNHCR guidelines and UN convention of the rights of the child (CRC). We will discuss policy and practices on minors exposed to human trafficking, taking Norway as a case. The Norwegian Immigration Act of 2008 includes provisions and formulations intended to strengthen the legal position and rights of asylum-seeking children as children. The intention was to ensure that national regulations on immigration were in accordance with the CRC and in line with the Norwegian Human Rights Act 1999. The CRC as well as UNHCR guidelines mention human trafficking, including forced labour and sexual exploitation as one main threat to which children may be exposed. The chapter discusses three scenarios which represent distinct forms of how unaccompanied minors are recruited into exploitative relations on their way to or in Europe and how their cases are assessed when applying for asylum in Norway as unaccompanied minors. Ways into and out of exploitation may have decisive implication for how their asylum applications are assessed and for further access to rehabilitation measures.
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This chapter describes and proposes a new social inclusion model for supporting unaccompanied minors in becoming autonomous, as they are one of the most vulnerable groups of contemporary migration flows. According to the Committee on the Rights of Children “unaccompanied children (also called unaccompanied minors) are children, […] who have been separated from both parents and other relatives and are not being cared for by an adult who, by law or custom, is responsible for doing so” (Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2005).
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The destructive effects of the Second World War, which resulted in great loss and suffering in the not so distant past, still has an important place in the lives of countless people living in different geographical locations. German families constitute a population whose members witnessed the bitter outcomes of the war in no small measure. War-related memories of families have been handed down from generation to generation up to the present day. Despite many of the generation who actually lived through the war preferring to erase the traces of it from their day to day lives, their children and even their grandchildren have taken on board this memory (Koçyiğit, 2016).
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The reform of the pension system took place during the second wave of reforms in Poland after the thorough transformation of the political and economic system. Poland belongs to the Central and Eastern European group of countries, which (following Hungary) introduced the paradigmatic pension reform which is funded by an obligatory system. Over 20 years after the political transformation and 12 years after the paradigmatic reform of the 1999, a question arose about the main problems and challenges as well as political answers reflected in the (re)designing of the pension system in Poland. This is the main purpose of this article. The text is structured as follows: first, the ten year path towards the paradigmatic 1999 reform will be outlined. This is the starting point for a brief description of key parameters of the old and the new pension system. Since reasons for the pension reform of 1999 and the new Polish pension scheme have been analyzed by many authors, the focus will be on the current regulations and especially changes after the 1999 reform, which are the subject of description in section three. Finally, the main directions of evolution of the pension system in Poland after the paradigmatic reform will be identified.
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The paper is organized as follows. The first section starts by setting out the outline of the context of long-term care (LTC) utilization in Poland, i.e. the predominance of informal care. The next part of the paper draws on collected data, presents policies concerning LTC in Poland. Data on social policies on LTC in Poland were compiled from figures given by national bodies, predominantly the Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy. Due to limited space, only the main aspects of these social policies are considered. For example, the paper does analyze those policies directed at supporting family carers, which are in fact, very modest. The next section focuses on the various policy options that Polish authorities may wish to pursue in their attempts to ameliorate the problems associated with publicly financed LTC services. The final section concludes.
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Göç olgusu, yüzyıllar boyu insanların kendilerine daha uygun yaşam kurabilme isteği ve çabasıyla var olagelmiştir. Hemen hemen her ailenin uzun veya kısa bir göç hikayesi vardır. Ancak son yıllarda, bilhassa iç ve dış toplumsal çatışmaların sonucu olarak, insanların göçe zorlanması yığınlar halinde göç dalgalarının oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Sayısı bir milyarı bulan, göçmenlerin ve yeni bir “vatan” arayan mültecilerin insan hakları ve insanca yaşama ihtiyaçlarının birçok uluslararası platformda tartışılmakta, Sivil Toplum Örgütleri ve Birleşmiş Milletler nezdine, bilhassa 2030 Dünya Kalkınma Gündemi çerçevesinde çözümler aranmaktadır. Konu acil ve komplekstir.
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The report analyses the current situations and conditions for the existing income inequality in the EU. It presents various theoretical concepts and authors. The methodology utilized in the research includes systematic approach, comparative analysis, statistical approach.
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